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General Physics > Force and Motion > Flashcards

Force and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q
  • a push or a pull
  • an agent that alter the velocity of a body by changing its speed or direction
A

force

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2
Q

basic forces in nature

A
  • gravitational force
  • electromagnetic force
  • strong nuclear force
  • weak nuclear force
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3
Q

force of attraction that acts over a large distance

A

gravitational force

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4
Q

electric and magnetic interaction fused into a single interaction

A

electromagnetic force

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5
Q

exist between nuclear particles ; the nuclear binding force; a short ranged force

A

strong nuclear force

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6
Q

responsible for the very slow nuclear decay processes (radioactivity) like beta decay of the neutron

A

weak nuclear force

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7
Q

classification of forces

A
  • effects on motion (efforts)
  • line of action
  • relation to work
  • interaction of bodies
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8
Q

produce no motion or motion with constant velocity

A

balanced forces

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9
Q

produce accelerated motion

A

unbalanced forces

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10
Q

may go in the same direction or in opposite direction

A

parallel forces

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11
Q

those that met at a point

A

concurrent forces

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12
Q

can do work and can be stored as energy

A

conservative forces

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13
Q

can do work but cannot be stored

A

non-conservative forces

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14
Q

when an object is pushed by another, the two bodies are in contact with each other

A

contact force

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15
Q
  • force may act at a distance
  • there is no contact between the body exerting the force and the body being acted upon
A

distant force

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16
Q

continuous change in position with reference to a fixed point

A

motion

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17
Q

branch of physics concerned with the study of motion and what produces and affect it

A

mechanics

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18
Q

deals with the description of motion of objects without consideration of what causes the motion (quantitative)

A

kinematics

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19
Q

analysis of the causes of motion

A

dynamics

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20
Q

2 important aspects of motion

A
  • a change of position or displacement
  • the passage of time
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21
Q
  • a measurement of how fast one is moving
  • defined as distance per unit time
A

speed

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22
Q

speed accompanied with direction

A

velocity

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23
Q

rate at which the motion was changed

A

acceleration

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24
Q

a body that is not in uniform motion is said to be _____

A

accelerating

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25
Q

a state of fall under the influence of only gravity- free from air resistance

A

free-fall

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26
Q

average value of free-fall’s acceleration

A

9.8 m/s squared

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27
Q

3 conditions wherein acceleration occurs

A
  • change in the magnitude of the object’s velocity, or change in speed
  • change in direction of the object’s velocity
  • both change in speed and velocity
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28
Q

Newton’s Laws of Motion

A
  • law of inertia
  • law of acceleration
  • law of interaction
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29
Q

measure of the inertia of an object

A

mass

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30
Q

force of gravity on the object

A

weight

31
Q

the change in the state of motion of objects is caused by a _____

A

net force

32
Q

resistance of an object to changing its state of rest or state in motion/to continue moving at uniform velocity

A

inertia

33
Q

“Any object will continue in its state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted on by a net force”

A

law of inertia

34
Q

“When acted on by a net force, an object will accelerate proportional to the amount of the net force”

A

law of acceleration

35
Q

SI unit of acceleration

A

Newton

36
Q

proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

A

acceleration

37
Q

“To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”

A

law of interaction

38
Q

“Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of the two particles’ masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them”

A

law of universal gravitation

39
Q

state of balance

A

equilibrium

40
Q
  • bodies which are at rest
  • no motion is produced
A

static equilibrium

41
Q

body that moves with uniform motion

A

dynamic equilibrium

42
Q

states of equilibrium

A
  • stable
  • unstable
  • neutral
43
Q

stability of an object is affected by the:

A
  • position of the center of gravity (lower)
  • area of the base (larger)
  • weight of the object (greater)
44
Q

conditions for equilibrium

A
  • translational / force equilibrium
  • rotational / torque equilibrium
45
Q

“At equilibrium, the forces are such to cancel one another out” or “The sum of all the forces is equal to zero”

A

translational / force condition

46
Q

“The sum of the torques acting on an object, as calculated about any axis, must be zero”

A

rotational / torque condition

47
Q

a torque that tends to rotate the object counterclockwise is usually considered _____

A

positive

48
Q

a torque that tends to rotate the object clockwise is usually considered ____

A

negative

49
Q
  • force that opposes motion
  • parallel to the surface which are in contact
A

friction

50
Q

types of friction

A
  • static friction
  • kinetic friction
51
Q

friction between two surfaces that are not sliding relative to each other

A

static friction

52
Q

friction between surfaces that are sliding over one another

A

sliding friction

53
Q

friction between two surfaces when one surface is rolling over another

A

rolling friction

54
Q

ratio of the friction force to the normal force passing the two surfaces together

A

coefficient of friction

55
Q

_____ and _____ cause the change in the shape or motion of an object

A
  • gravity
  • friction
56
Q
  • Acts even at a distance
  • Strength of the force is dependent on the distance between the objects and mass
  • Reduced by decreasing the masses of objects and /or increasing the distance between them
  • Directed toward the center of the object
A

gravity

57
Q
  • Present only when the two surfaces are in contact
  • Depends on the nature and roughness of the surface in contact and masses of objects rubbing each other
  • Reduced by lubricants and improving the smoothness of the rubbing surfaces
  • Direction is opposite the direction of the motion of the object and perpendicular to the surface of contact
A

friction

58
Q

an object or body thrown with an initial velocity and whose motion is influenced by the pull of gravity

A

projectile

59
Q

Objects that are initially thrown horizontally in space will be acted upon by gravity thus will move in x and y directions simultaneously.

A

projectile motion

60
Q

path of the projectile

A

trajectory

61
Q

2 types of motion determined by trajectory

A
  • vertical motion
  • horizontal motion
62
Q

an object travelling in a circle at constant speed is said to be undergoing a _______

A

uniform circular motion

63
Q

time required for an object to make one complete revolution

A

period

64
Q

number of revolutions completed by the object in a given time

A

frequency

65
Q

device which separates the lighter and heavier substances in a mixture

A

centrifuge

66
Q

suggests that the force of gravity acting between any two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the object’s center

A

inverse square law

67
Q

German astrologer who preceded Newton’s law of gravitation

A

Johannes Kepler

68
Q

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

A
  • law of orbits
  • law of areas
  • law of periods
69
Q

“The planet then follows the ellipse in its orbit, which means that the Earth-Sun distance is constantly changing as the planet earth goes around its orbit”

A

law of orbits

70
Q

point of nearest approach of the planet to the Sun

A

perihelion

71
Q

point of greatest separation

A

aphelion

72
Q

By Kepler’s ____ law, the planet moves fastest when it is near perihelion and slowest when it is near aphelion

A

second (Law of Areas)

73
Q

Kepler’s ____ Law implies that the period for a planet to orbit the Sun increases rapidly with the radius of its orbit.

A

third (Law of Periods)

General Physics (6 decks)

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