for the test

Question 1

attention

Answer 1

cognitive process that allows people to focus on a specific stimulus in the environment.

Question 2

language

Answer 2

cognitive processes that involve the ability to understand and express thoughts through spoken and written words. This allows us to communicate with others and plays an important role in thought

Question 3

learning

Answer 3

cognitive processes involved in taking in new things, synthesizing information, and integrating it with prior knowledge

Question 4

memory

Answer 4

important cognitive process that allows people to encode, store, and retrieve information. It is a critical component in the learning process and allows people to retain knowledge about the world and their personal histories

Question 5

perception

Answer 5

cognitive process that allows people to take in information through their senses, then utilize this information to respond and interact with the world

Question 6

thought

Answer 6

Thought is an essential part of every cognitive process. It allows people to engage in decision-making, problem-solving, and higher reasoning

Question 7

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 7

discovered the forgetting curve

Question 8

anterograde amnesia

Answer 8

the hippocampus is damaged so one can not make new memories

Question 9

retrograde amnesia

Answer 9

forgets events that occur before an injury/event and can not recall the past

Question 10

age affects the ability to…

Answer 10

encode

Question 11

storage decay

Answer 11

will forget some material immediately, but the things that stick with you will stick with you forever

Question 12

proactive interference

Answer 12

Occurs when older information prevents or interferes with the learning or retrieval of newer information
ex= can not remember the new password due to remembrance of old password

Question 13

retroactive interference

Answer 13

Occurs when newer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of older information
ex= can’t remember elementary school teachers’ names but can recall current teachers name

Question 14

motivated forgetting

Answer 14

People revise their memories to be more positive

ex= Freud would call this repression ( we are protecting our self-concept and limiting our anxiety )

Question 15

misinformation effect

Answer 15

new info alters the way previous info is held in memory

Question 16

source amnesia

Answer 16

inability to remember the source of the old memory but can retain the memory

Question 17

deja vu

Answer 17

the current situation produces some clues that may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Question 18

retrieval

Answer 18

recovery of info from storage

Question 19

recall

Answer 19

info can be recalled with no clues

ex= fill in the blank

Question 20

recognition

Answer 20

Ability to match a piece of information to a stored image or fact
ex= multiple choice

Question 21

relearning

Answer 21

Ability to recall information when learning material for a second time or applying material learned in a different way

Question 22

cues

Answer 22

each piece of information is interconnected with others with anchor points

Question 23

priming

Answer 23

After being exposed to a stimulus, a person is more likely to be able to recall that same/similar stimulus
— People respond faster or better to an item if a similar item preceded it

Question 24

mood-congruent

Answer 24

Retrieval is better when an individual is in the same emotional state when trying to remember something
—- Emotions that accompany good or bad events become retrieval cues Birthday (positive emotion)

Question 25

context dependent

Answer 25

Putting yourself back in the same environment where you first experienced something
—- Retracing your steps when you forget something

Question 26

state-dependent

Answer 26

Retrieval is helped if an individual has the same physical and mental condition as when they first encoded the information
— More focused when drinking Starbucks so you remember info better in that state
You will be more likely to need Starbucks to focus

Question 27

serial position effect

Answer 27

tendency to recall the first and last items in a series

Question 28

primacy series

Answer 28

easily recall the first in a list

Question 29

recency effect

Answer 29

easily recall the last in a list

Question 30

iconic

Answer 30

Visual sensory memory

-Can only last a fraction of a second

Question 31

echoic

Answer 31

Auditory sensory memory

• sounds or words can be recalled in 3 or 4 second when distracted
• helps w learning language and w temporal lobe

Question 32

haptic

Answer 32

Touch sensory memory

-sensations like pain, pressure, itching, something that feels good

Question 33

olfactory

Answer 33

Smell sensory memory

-smell helps form long term memory and helps you identify taste bc molecules of food go into your nose

Question 34

gustatory

Answer 34

Taste sensory memory

-very close w olfactory and identifies foods through salty, sweet, bitter, umami, and sour

Question 35

George A. Miller’s theory

Answer 35

we remember in series of 7’s

ex= phone number

Question 36

elaborate rehearsal

Answer 36

the conscious repetition of information ( more you study, more info you retain )