FOPS2 Flashcards
What are the steps of ABG?
- Confirm patient identity
- Performs Allens test to check the patients hand is adequately perfused
- Cleans site
- Prepares needle and syringe
- Punctures radial artery and collect blood
- Remove needle from syringe and dispose into sharps bin
- Apply pressure at puncture site for 5 minutes
- Rolles and/or inverts syringe
- Apply dressing and document procedure
What would a high CO2 in ABG indicate?
Respiratory acidosis
What would a low CO2 in ABG indicate?
Respiratory alkalosis
What would a low HCO3- in ABG indicate?
Metabolic acidosis
What would a high HCO3- in ABG indicate?
Metabolic alkalosis
What equipment is needed for ABG?
- Needle
- Syringe
- Gloves
- Alcohol wipe
- Cotton wool
- Dressing
What are the steps of IM injection?
- Confirm identity and check for allergies
- Wash hands and don gloves
- Draw up injection using a needle into a syringe. Expel any air and then place new needle on syringe.
- Use Z technique, insert needle at 90 degrees, leaving 1/3 of needle out of skin
- For DG site only, pull back plunger to check that blood isnt being drawn back
- Inject site
- Safe disposal
- Aftercare advice
Where can IM injections be done?
- Deltoid
- Dorsolateral glute
- Vastus lateralis
- Gluteus medius
What colour needle is used for IM injections?
23 G (Blue)
What are the steps of Sub cut injection?
- Confirm identity and check for allergies
- Wash hands and don gloves
- Draw up medication
- Pinch skin 2cm, and insert needle at 45 degrees
- Inject site
- Safe disposal
- Aftercare advice
- Documentation
What equipment is used for IM injection?
- The patient’s drug chart and wrist label
- A clean receptacle in which to place the equipment.
- Alcohol handwash.
- Non-sterile gloves and apron.
- The drug (and diluent if required).
- An appropriate sized syringe.
- Two hypodermic needles of an appropriate size and length.
- 70% isopropyl alcohol swab to clean the skin.
- A sharps disposal bin
What are the risks and complications associated with IM injections?
- Pain
- Bleeding (increased risk if patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy or has a clotting disorder)
- Infection
- Abscess formation
- Nerve damage
- Vessel damage
- Inadvertent subcutaneous injection
- Repeated injections at the same site may result in local fibrosis
How can you determine where to inject in the gluteus medius?
Place hand over greater trochanter, with thumb facing towards the anterior of the patient. The anterior superior iliac crest should lie above the fingers. The injection point should be between the 2nd and 3rd fingers.
What are the absolute and relative contraindications to IM injection?
- Patient refusal
- Infection, inflammation, lesions or broken skin at the injection site
- Vascular insufficiency, poor blood supply, or oedema to the injection site
- Relevant drug allergy (check!!!!)
List some medications given by Sub cut injection?
- Low molecular weight heparin
- Insulin
- Opioids such as morphine
- Anti-allergy medication