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Pm3 > Foot orthoses: design and manufacture > Flashcards

Foot orthoses: design and manufacture Flashcards

1
Q

define foot orthoses

A

an in-shoe medical device which is designed to alter the magnitudes and temporal patterns of the reaction forces on the plantar aspect of the foot in order to allow more normal foot and lower extremity function and to decrease pathalogical loading forces on the structural componenets of the foot and lower extremities during WB activities

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2
Q

what does a foot orthosis do

A

change the location and temporal patterns of forces act on the underside of teh foot
changes to stressess acting in tissues
changes to joint moments
changes to kinematic, kinetic anf temprospatial parameters of gait and stanfce

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3
Q

Types of foot orthoses

A

custom, customised, prefab, off the shelf

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4
Q

traditional orthosis manufacture

A

negatic cast
positive cast
vacuum form shell
post and finish orthosis

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5
Q

negatie case

A

non WB plaster cast - suspension or prone
WB or semi-WB foam impression

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6
Q

Difference between WB and non WB

A

WB = lower arch, wider and longer

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7
Q

nonWB

A

practicioner has control over foot
accomodation for ST deformation required during positive case modification
can be physically demanding

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8
Q

WB or patial WB

A

lower arch, wider, longer
captures the foot more representative of stance

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9
Q

cast pour angle

A

neutral: calc bisection is vertical relative to FF
inverted: calc bisection is inverted relative to FF (increases medial arch high, increase STJ supination)
EvertedL cacl is everted relative to FF (decreases medial arch height

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10
Q

Modifying the positive cast

A

FF platform
lateral expansion
medial expansion

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11
Q

FF platform - balanacing

A

Nails are hammered into the FF at MPJ1 and MPJ5
location of nails give landmarks used to control: orthotic shell lenght and forefoot width

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12
Q

Lateral expansion

A

plaster added to lateral border of postive - allows for expansion of ST and accomodates thicker covering materials

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13
Q

Pressing (vacuum forming)

A

with completed +ve cast - shell material is vacuum formed to the shape
materials = flexible to rigid
chosen material heated in oven and then pressed on the positive cast

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14
Q

shaping

A

following pressing material is removed to obtain the shape of the eventual orthosis

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15
Q

Extrinsic RF post

A

frontal plane alignment of underside relative to the calc bisection

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16
Q

heel pitch

A

drop of RF relative to underside of stabiliser
important for footwear fit

17
Q

Heel raise

A

thickness of material between underside of heel and underside of stabiliser

18
Q

Covering used for:

A

change shear forces at skin
protect foot from minor imperfections in shell
enhance durability of eva devices and padding

19
Q

Strucuterd light 3D scanning

A

a pattern of light is projected upon the object

20
Q

laser scanner

A

uses laser to capture depth and shape

21
Q

contact digitiser

A

use pins to capture the data

22
Q

are 3D scanners better than casting

A

accuracy and error
timingL capture time and processing time, clinical workflow, having and person lay still
cost: equipment, softwar, shipping
do you need it to be portable

23
Q

Assessing a scan

A

are there holes in teh scan
can you see the RF bisection
FF to RF alignment
have you capture the height of the MLA
toe alignment
does it match the foot

24
Q

Rigid orthotic shell material

A

materials that deform through bending
SHANK independent - dont rely on the shoe

25
Q

Semi-rigid to felxible orthotic shell materials

A

materials that deform through compression
SHANK dependent - rely on the orthotic

26
Q

Stiffness

A

property of base material

27
Q

Hardness

A

shoreco

28
Q

compresion set

A

permanent deformation remaining after removal of a force

29
Q

resilience

A

ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed and release that energy upon unloading

30
Q

tensile strenght

A

the resistance of a material to breaking under tension

31
Q

Polypropylene

A

Used to make rigid orthoic shells - easily moulded with het
advantage: thin compared to EVA, can choose thickness, tough and flexible

DIsadvantages: limited adjustability, 3/4 lenght

32
Q

Carbon fibre

A

used to make rigid orthotic shells

Pros: musch lighter and thingers for same rigitiy
cons: more expensive, less adjustable

33
Q

EVA

A

rubber like
advantagesL easier to modify, full lenght
disadvantages: bulkier orthotic, hard to fit to some sheos

34
Q

poron

A

used for cushioning and pressure reduction

cons: tear easily with shear load
can bottom out

35
Q

PLastazote

A

is a closed cell cross-linked polyethylene foam

Pm3 (7 decks)

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