Biomechanical theories/models 2

Question 1

High gear

Answer 1

longer lever arm (more efficient
- plantar aponeurosis tightens during propolusion (windlass mechanism)
- tranfer weught to contralateral limb

Question 2

Low gear

Answer 2

shorter lever arm
- no fascial tightening
used initially to offload heel

Question 3

how does Bojsen-moller asix influence the treatment

Answer 3

• need to establish the windlass
• need to get foot back to high gear
• PF 1st ray

Question 4

Muscle tuning

Answer 4

• muscle vibrate at certain frequency when you hit the ground
• impact forces are a signal to the cns, produce a reaction called muscle tuning

Question 5

muscle tuning during running

Answer 5

• muscles vibrate at a certain frequency when you hit the ground
• impact forces are an input signal into the human body (vibrations) - produces reaction of the muscles
• singals sensed and CNS responds by tuning (activation of corresponding muscle groups)
• tuning is done to minimise ST vibrations

Question 6

Individuals reactions in muscle tuning

Answer 6

Effects fatique
comfort
how hard muscles/ST have to work
performance
less risk of injury

Question 7

Clinical Application of muscle tuning during running

Answer 7

• Heel contact = input signals
• body reacts to forces and adapts muscle activity
• maintains preffered movement path for a given task
• reduction in muscle activity, load through tisse

Question 8

Foot core theory

Answer 8

• foot provides a base of support during standing
• during gait, the foot must be stable at foot strike and push off
• during mid stance, the foot must become a mobile adaptor and attenuate loads
• foot possess spring-like characteristics, strong an releasing energy with each foot strike

Question 9

relevance of core stability in the foot

Answer 9

• similar to core stability in the pelvis
• when core muscles are weak or not recruited properly, the proximal foundation become unstable and abnormal movement patterns of the trunk and lower limb ensue - overuse injuries

Question 10

foot core system

Answer 10

passive, active and neural systems

Question 11

passive foot core system

Answer 11

• Consists of bony and articular structures that maintain the various arches of the foot
• 4 distinct arches:
  medial and lateral longitudinal
  anterior and posterior metatarsal arches

Question 12

active foot core system

Answer 12

consists of muscles and tendons that attach into the foot
local stabilisers: plantar intrisic muscles
global movers: extrinsic msucles (origin outside foot, insert in) - provide absorption and propulsion

Question 13

neural foot core system

Answer 13

sensory receptors in joint capsule, ligs, muscles and tendons
provide input via stretch responses about changes in foot posture

Question 14

foot core assessment

Answer 14

Intrisic foot muscle test
- functional assessment to maintain a neutral foot posture and MLA heigh during single leg stance

Question 15

foot core training

Answer 15

excercises for the plantar intrinsic muscles
short foot excercise

Question 16

arch spring therory

Answer 16

• regulation of energery storage within the foot
• elongation of the soft tissues in the arch (elastic storage and return)

Question 17

what is fascia

Answer 17

sheets of biological fabric within the body
- surrounds every muscle, bone, nerve, blood supply and organ all teh way down to a cellular level

Question 18

12 anatomy trains

Answer 18

The superfical back line
the superficial front line
the lateral line
the sprial line
the arms line
the functional lines
the deep front line

Question 19

What anatomy train is plantar fasciopathy in?

Answer 19

superfical backline

Question 20

what is root theory

Answer 20

Therory of the ‘normal’ way a foot functions and is aligned
- not that reliable

Question 21

2 unit tarsus (high and low gear)

Answer 21

high gear =longer lever arm (more efficient
- plantar aponeurosis tightens during propolusion (windlass mechanism)
- tranfer weught to contralateral limb

low gear = shorter lever arm
- no fascial tightening
used initially to offload heel

Question 22

Saggital plane theory

Answer 22

the movement of the 1st mpj (windlass automechanism)

Question 23

Tissue stress model

Answer 23

injury occurs when mechanical stress place on tissue is more than it can bear
- offload structures

Question 24

rotational equilibrium therory

Answer 24

the sum of moments (roational) = 0nm object will continue in its state of roational equilibrium

Question 25

Muscle tuning

Answer 25

• muscle vibrate at certain frequency when you hit the ground
• impact forces are a signal to the cns, produce a reaction called muscle tuning

Question 26

Foot core

Answer 26

• base of support when standing

Question 27

Spring theory

Answer 27

• regulation of energery storage within the foot
• elongation of the soft tissues in the arch (elastic storage and return)

Question 28

anatomy trains

Answer 28

The superfical back line
the superficial front line
the lateral line
the sprial line
the arms line
the functional lines
the deep front line