Biomechanical theories/models 2 Flashcards
High gear
longer lever arm (more efficient
- plantar aponeurosis tightens during propolusion (windlass mechanism)
- tranfer weught to contralateral limb
Low gear
shorter lever arm
- no fascial tightening
used initially to offload heel
how does Bojsen-moller asix influence the treatment
- need to establish the windlass
- need to get foot back to high gear
- PF 1st ray
Muscle tuning
- muscle vibrate at certain frequency when you hit the ground
- impact forces are a signal to the cns, produce a reaction called muscle tuning
muscle tuning during running
- muscles vibrate at a certain frequency when you hit the ground
- impact forces are an input signal into the human body (vibrations) - produces reaction of the muscles
- singals sensed and CNS responds by tuning (activation of corresponding muscle groups)
- tuning is done to minimise ST vibrations
Individuals reactions in muscle tuning
Effects fatique
comfort
how hard muscles/ST have to work
performance
less risk of injury
Clinical Application of muscle tuning during running
- Heel contact = input signals
- body reacts to forces and adapts muscle activity
- maintains preffered movement path for a given task
- reduction in muscle activity, load through tisse
Foot core theory
- foot provides a base of support during standing
- during gait, the foot must be stable at foot strike and push off
- during mid stance, the foot must become a mobile adaptor and attenuate loads
- foot possess spring-like characteristics, strong an releasing energy with each foot strike
relevance of core stability in the foot
- similar to core stability in the pelvis
- when core muscles are weak or not recruited properly, the proximal foundation become unstable and abnormal movement patterns of the trunk and lower limb ensue - overuse injuries
foot core system
passive, active and neural systems
passive foot core system
- Consists of bony and articular structures that maintain the various arches of the foot
- 4 distinct arches:
medial and lateral longitudinal
anterior and posterior metatarsal arches
active foot core system
consists of muscles and tendons that attach into the foot
local stabilisers: plantar intrisic muscles
global movers: extrinsic msucles (origin outside foot, insert in) - provide absorption and propulsion
neural foot core system
sensory receptors in joint capsule, ligs, muscles and tendons
provide input via stretch responses about changes in foot posture
foot core assessment
Intrisic foot muscle test
- functional assessment to maintain a neutral foot posture and MLA heigh during single leg stance
foot core training
excercises for the plantar intrinsic muscles
short foot excercise
arch spring therory
- regulation of energery storage within the foot
- elongation of the soft tissues in the arch (elastic storage and return)
what is fascia
sheets of biological fabric within the body
- surrounds every muscle, bone, nerve, blood supply and organ all teh way down to a cellular level
12 anatomy trains
The superfical back line
the superficial front line
the lateral line
the sprial line
the arms line
the functional lines
the deep front line
What anatomy train is plantar fasciopathy in?
superfical backline
what is root theory
Therory of the ‘normal’ way a foot functions and is aligned
- not that reliable
2 unit tarsus (high and low gear)
high gear =longer lever arm (more efficient
- plantar aponeurosis tightens during propolusion (windlass mechanism)
- tranfer weught to contralateral limb
low gear = shorter lever arm
- no fascial tightening
used initially to offload heel
Saggital plane theory
the movement of the 1st mpj (windlass automechanism)
Tissue stress model
injury occurs when mechanical stress place on tissue is more than it can bear
- offload structures
rotational equilibrium therory
the sum of moments (roational) = 0nm object will continue in its state of roational equilibrium
