Foot Muscles

Question 1

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 1

O: Calcaneus

I: Base of toes 2-4 via Extensor Digitorum Longus tendon

A: Extend Toes 2-4

N: Deep Peroneal Nerve (L5 - S1)

Question 2

Abductor Hallucis

1st layer

Answer 2

O: Medial tubercle of the Calcaneus, Plantar Aponeurosis, Flexor Retinaculum

I: Medial surface of the Proximal Phalanx of the Hallux

A: Abduct and Flex Big Toe

N: Medial Plantar (S2-3)

Question 3

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

1st layer

Answer 3

O: Medial tubercle of the Calcaneus, Plantar Aponeurosis

I: Both sides of the Middle Phalanx Toes 2-5

A: Flex Middle Phalanges of Toes 2-5

N: Medial Plantar
(S2-3)

Question 4

Abductor Digiti Minmi

1st layer

Answer 4

O: Lateral tubercle of the Calcaneus, Plantar Aponeurosis

I: Lateral surface of the Proximal Phalanx of Toe 5

A: Abducts and
Flex Little Toe

N: Lateral Plantar
(S2-3)

Question 5

Lumbricals

layer 2

Answer 5

O: Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons

I: Extensor Hood of Digit 2 (Lateral Side), Extensor Hood of Digits 3-5 (Medial Side)

A: Flex metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joints of Toes 2-5, Extend interphalangeal joints of Toes 2-5 1st

N: 1st Medial Plantar
(S2-3)

2nd-4th Lateral Plantar
(S2-3)

Question 6

Quadratus Plantae

2nd layer

Answer 6

O: Medial Head:
Medial Tubercle of the Calcaneus

Lateral Head:
Lateral Tubercle of the Calcaneus

I: Posterolateral Margin of the FDL tendon

A: Assist FDL in flexion of Toes 2-5

N: Lateral Plantar (S2-3)

Question 7

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

3rd layer

Answer 7

O: Plantar surface of the Cuboid, 3rd Cuniform

I: Both sides of the Proximal Phalanx of Big Toe

A: Flexion of the Proximal Phalanx of the Big Toe

N: Medial Plantar
(S2-3)

Question 8

Adductor Hallicus

3rd layer

Answer 8

O: Oblique Head:
Base of Metatarsals 2-4

Transverse Head:
Plantar Metatarsophalngel Ligaments of Toes 2-5

I: Lateral base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Hallux

A: Adduct Big Toe

N: Lateral Plantar (S2-3)

Question 9

Flexor Digiti Minimi

3rd layer

Answer 9

O: Base of 5th Metatarsal

I: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of Little Toe

A: Flexes Proximal Phalanx of Little Toe

N: Lateral Plantar (S2-3)

Question 10

Dorsal Interossei (DABs)
(4th layer)

Answer 10

O: Base and Adjacent Sides of Metatarsals 2-5 1:

I: 1: Extensor Hood, Medial Side of Proximal Phalanx (Digit 2)

2-4:
Extensor Hood, Lateral Side of Proximal Phalanges (Digits 2-4)

A: Abduction of Digits 2-4, Flexion of MTP Joints of Digits 2-4, Extension of IP Joints of Digits 2-4

N: Lateral Plantar
(S2-3)

Question 11

Plantar Interossei (PADs)

Answer 11

O: Medial Shaft of Metatarsals 3-5

I: Extensor Hood, Medial sides of bases of Proximal Phalanges of Digits 3-5

A: Adduction of Digits 3-5, Flexion of MTP Joints of Digits 3-5, Extension of IP Joints of Digits 3-5

N: Lateral Plantar (S2-3)