Foot and Ankle anatomy

Question 1

What bones make up the subtalar joint?

Answer 1

Talus and Calaneus

Question 2

What bones are involved in calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 2

calcaneus and cuboid

Question 3

What bones are involved in the Talocalcaneonavicular joint in the foot?

Answer 3

Talus/calcaneus and navicular

Question 4

In the tarsometatarsal joint which bones are involved?

Answer 4

Cuneiforms/cuboid and metatarsals

Question 5

What movements do Calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints allow?

Answer 5

Inversion - Tib A&P, tibial and deep fibular nerves

Eversion - Fibularis muscles, superficial and deep fibular nerves

Question 6

What kind of joint are interphalangeal joints?

Answer 6

Synovial hinge joints

Question 7

What is th function of the arches of the foot?

Answer 7

Provide shock absorption
“push-off” spring in function
increased weight-bearing capacity by weight redistribution across the whole foot

Question 8

What supports the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 8

Flexor pollicis longus
Tibialis anterior
Fibularis longus

Question 9

When standing what does the lateral longitudinal arch do?

Answer 9

Usually weight bears

Question 10

What supports the transverse arch?

Answer 10

Fibularis longus

Question 11

Apart from muscles, what else supports the 3 arches of the foot?

Answer 11

Plantar aponeurosis

Plantar ligaments

Question 12

How many intrinsic muscles are there in the foot?

Answer 12

20

Question 13

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the foot attach?

Answer 13

Proximally and distally within the foot

Question 14

Within the compartments of the sole, how many intrinsic muscles reside here, how are they arranged and what is their function in terms of movement?

Answer 14

11 muscles
arranged in 3 layers or between metatarsals (7 interossei)
flexion (sole muscles) and abduction/adduction (interossei) of the toes

Question 15

What is the function of the 2 dorsal muscles?

Answer 15

Short extensors of the toe

Question 16

What is the dorsalis pedis artery a branch of?

Answer 16

Anterior tibial artery

Question 17

Where is the pulse from dorsalis pedis taken?

Answer 17

Lateral to extensor pollicis longus

Question 18

The arcuate artery on the dorsum of the foot, comes from what larger artery?

Answer 18

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 19

The medial and lateral plantar arteries are branches of what?

Answer 19

Posterior tibial artery

Question 20

What arteries contribute to the deep plantar arch?

Answer 20

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 21

What does the deep plantar arch split into?

Answer 21

Metatarsal arteries which branch into digital arteries

Question 22

What is the motor supply to the interossei muscles of the foot?

Answer 22

Tibial nerve

Question 23

Which nerves contirbute to the sensory nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 23

Mainly superficial fibular nerve
deep fibular nerve
sural nerve
saphenous nerve

Question 24

Which nerves contirbute to the sensory nerve supply to the plantar surface of the foot?

Answer 24

Mainly tibial nerve
sural nerve
saphenous nerve

Question 25

What is the origin of the plantar fascia of the foot?

Answer 25

tuberosity of calcaneous (slightly medial)

Question 26

What is the insertion of the plantar fascia of the foot?

Answer 26

heads of metatarsals