Foot and Ankle anatomy Flashcards
What bones make up the subtalar joint?
Talus and Calaneus
What bones are involved in calcaneocuboid joint?
calcaneus and cuboid
What bones are involved in the Talocalcaneonavicular joint in the foot?
Talus/calcaneus and navicular
In the tarsometatarsal joint which bones are involved?
Cuneiforms/cuboid and metatarsals
What movements do Calcaneocuboid and talocalcaneonavicular joints allow?
Inversion - Tib A&P, tibial and deep fibular nerves
Eversion - Fibularis muscles, superficial and deep fibular nerves
What kind of joint are interphalangeal joints?
Synovial hinge joints
What is th function of the arches of the foot?
Provide shock absorption
“push-off” spring in function
increased weight-bearing capacity by weight redistribution across the whole foot
What supports the medial longitudinal arch?
Flexor pollicis longus
Tibialis anterior
Fibularis longus
When standing what does the lateral longitudinal arch do?
Usually weight bears
What supports the transverse arch?
Fibularis longus
Apart from muscles, what else supports the 3 arches of the foot?
Plantar aponeurosis
Plantar ligaments
How many intrinsic muscles are there in the foot?
20
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the foot attach?
Proximally and distally within the foot
Within the compartments of the sole, how many intrinsic muscles reside here, how are they arranged and what is their function in terms of movement?
11 muscles
arranged in 3 layers or between metatarsals (7 interossei)
flexion (sole muscles) and abduction/adduction (interossei) of the toes
What is the function of the 2 dorsal muscles?
Short extensors of the toe
What is the dorsalis pedis artery a branch of?
Anterior tibial artery
Where is the pulse from dorsalis pedis taken?
Lateral to extensor pollicis longus
The arcuate artery on the dorsum of the foot, comes from what larger artery?
Dorsalis pedis artery
The medial and lateral plantar arteries are branches of what?
Posterior tibial artery
What arteries contribute to the deep plantar arch?
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
What does the deep plantar arch split into?
Metatarsal arteries which branch into digital arteries
What is the motor supply to the interossei muscles of the foot?
Tibial nerve
Which nerves contirbute to the sensory nerve supply to the dorsum of the foot?
Mainly superficial fibular nerve
deep fibular nerve
sural nerve
saphenous nerve
Which nerves contirbute to the sensory nerve supply to the plantar surface of the foot?
Mainly tibial nerve
sural nerve
saphenous nerve
What is the origin of the plantar fascia of the foot?
tuberosity of calcaneous (slightly medial)
What is the insertion of the plantar fascia of the foot?
heads of metatarsals
