Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OCS > Foot and ankle > Flashcards

Foot and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for plantar fasciitis

A
  • Limited DF
  • High BMI
  • Running
  • Work related weight bearing activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of plantar fasciitis

A
  • Plantar medial heel pain (especially with initial steps)
  • Hell pain precipitated by a recent increase in weight bearing activity
  • Pain w/ palpation of the proximal insertion of the plantar fascia
  • Positive windlass
  • Negative tarsal tunnel
  • Limited active and passive talocrural joint dorsiflexion
  • Abnormal FPI
  • High BMI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for plantar fasciitis

A
  • Manual therapy
  • Stretching
  • Taping
  • Foot orthoses
  • Night splints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examination of achilles tendinopathy

A
  • Measure ankle DF ROM
  • Subtalar joint ROM
  • Plantar flexion strength and endurance
  • Static arch height
  • Forefoot alignment and pain with palpation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Achilles tendinopathy treatment

A
  • Eccentric exercise or a heavy load slow speed exercise program.
  • Stretching can help with pain management
  • Minimal evidence supporting NMR and manual therapy
  • Iontophoresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk factors for acute ankle sprain

A
  • Hx of previous ankle sprain
  • Does not use an external support
  • Does not properly warm up
  • Does not have normal ankle DF ROM
  • Does not participate in a balance/proprioception prevention program.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk factors for ankle instability

A
  • Increased talar curvature
  • Not using external support
  • Did not perform balance or proprioception exercises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interventions for ankle sprain

A
  • Cryotherapy
  • DO NOT use US
  • Manual therapy with graded joint mobs
  • Progressive loading
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ottawa foot and ankle rules

A
  • TTP at the posterior edge or tip of the lateral malleolus
  • TTP at the posterior edge of tip of the medial malleolus
  • Inability to weight bear after initial injury or in the ER for four steps
  • TTP at the base of the 5th metatarsal
  • TTP at the navicular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Deltoid ligament

A
  • Posterior tibiotalar ligament
  • Tibiocalcaneal ligament
  • Anterior tibiotalar ligament
  • Tibionavicular ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Grade I ankle sprain

A
  • no loss of function
  • no ligamentous laxity
  • little or no hemorrhaging
  • no point tenderness
  • decreased total ankle ROM of <5 degrees
  • Swelling of 0.5 cm or less
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Grade II ankle sprain

A
  • Some lack of function
  • (+) anterior drawer test
  • (-) talar tilt
  • Hemorrhaging
  • Point tenderness
  • Decreased total ankle ROM >5 but <10 degrees
  • Swelling between 0.5-2.0 cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Grade III ankle sprain

A
  • Near total loss of function
  • (+) anterior drawer and talar tilt test
  • Hemorrhaging
  • Extreme point tenderness
  • Decreased total ankle ROM >10 degrees
  • Swelling >2.0 cm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior drawer test

A

Specificity: 58%-80%
Sensitivity: 74%-94%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Star balance test with ankle sprain

A
  • > 4cm differences between sides pt is 2.5 times more likely to sustain and injury on the short side.
  • Deficits with medial diagonal range has highest correlation with injury.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antipronation taping

A

Can use antipronation taping for short term relief with plantar fasciitis, up to 3 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Night splints

A
  • Helpful for those with 1st step pain with plantar fasciitis.
  • Can be used for 1-3 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Changes in plantar fascia thickness…

A
  • Associated with symptoms and altered compressive properties of the fat pad.
  • Positively associated with changes in heel pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Windlass test

A

Specificity: 100%
Sensitivity: 32%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

Specificity: 99%
Sensitivity: 92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

L1 dermatome

A

groin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

L2 dermatome

A

anterior thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

L3 dermatome

A

medial femoral condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

L4 dermatome

A

medial malleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
L5 dermatome
2nd-3rd web space
26
S1 dermatome
medial heel
27
L2 myotome
hip flexion
28
L3 myotome
knee extension
29
L4 myotome
ankle dorsiflexion
30
L5 myotome
great toe extension
31
S1 myotome
plantarflexion
32
S2 myotome
knee flexion
33
Tarsal tunnel syndrome symptoms
Burning pain in medial arch and ball of foot
34
Baxter's N entrapment
acute pain felt where the 1st branch of the lateral plantar N becomes entrapped in the medial heel
35
Kleiger test
Dorsiflexion and external rotation stress test used to test for syndesmotic sprain
36
Fat pad atrophy
-Increased pain with prolonged standing, usually bilaterally.
37
Chopart's joint
Midtarsal joints between the talus, calcaneus, and the navicular cuboid
38
Hindfoot varus can contribute to...
- Retrocalcaneal exostosis (pump bump) - Shin splints - Plantar fasciitis - Hamstring strains - General knee and ankle pathologies
39
Cotton test
- Used to assess syndesmotic instability | - Stabilize distal tibia and fibula and apply medial and lateral translation to the foot
40
Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome
- Compression of deep peroneal N - Motor symptoms: high steppage gait, inability to control ankle movement - Sensory: sensory loss of small triangular area between 1st and 2nd toes - Pain: pain between 1st and 2nd toes can refer to dorsum of foot
41
Sural N injury
Shooting pain and parasthesia
42
Medial plantar N injury
Can be entrapped in medial longitudinal arch->aching in arch, burning, pain in heel, and altered sensation in the sole of the foot behind the hallux.
43
Bones of hindfoot
Talus and calcaneus
44
Bones of midfoot
navicular, cuboid, cuneiform
45
Bones of forefoot
Metatarsals and phalanges
46
Osteochondritis dessicans
Articular cartilage separates from bone and results in decreased blood flow
47
Lisfranc fx
- 1st-3rd metatarsal joints with cuneiforms, 4th-5th and cuboid. - Most common fx
48
Cuboid syndrome
- May feel like a pebble under that area
49
Jone's fx
- Fracture on the 5th metatarsal though more distal towards phalanges
50
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
- DF: 15-25 degrees - PF: 40-55 degrees - sagittal plane movement - rotate around the frontal oblique axis
51
Inversion/eversion
- Inversion: 40 degrees - Eversion: 20 degrees - Frontal plane movement - Rotate around longitudinal axis
52
ABDuction/ADDuction
- Transverse plane movement | - Rotate around vertical axis
53
Pronation
- Dorsiflexion - Eversion - ABDuction - Tibia is rotated medially
54
Supination
- Plantar flexion - Inversion - ADDuction - Tibia is rotate laterally
55
Ligamentous support of tarsal joints
- Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament) - Dorsal talonavicular ligament - Bifurcate ligament (calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular ligament)
56
Spring ligament
- Calcaneonavicular ligament | - Supports the head of the talus and helps support medial longitudinal arch of the foot
57
Spring ligament diagnosis
- Persistent medial midfoot pain with associated pes planus foot posture following trauma - Neutral heel lateral push test: hold calcaneus in neutral position and laterally push forefoot, positive if unequal ROM.
58
Pronation twist
- Compensation for excessive hindfoot supination - 5th ray dorsiflexes, everts, and ABDucts - 1st ray plantarflexes, inverts, and ADDucts
59
Supination twist
- Compensation for excessive hindfoot pronation - 5th ray plantarflexes, inverts, and ADDucts - 1st ray dorsiflexes, everts, and ABDucts
60
Foot posture index
- Pronation (+), supination (-), neutral (0) 1. Talar head position 2. Supra and infra lateral malleolar curvature 3. calcaneal frontal plane position 4. Prominence n region of talonavicular joint 5. Height and congruence of medial longitudinal arch 6. ABD/ADD of the forefoot on the rearfoot.
61
Reasons for orthotics
- Control excessive motion in joints of foot/ankle - force/shock reduction - decrease soft tissue loading - control muscle activity - knee pain (sometimes LBP) - foot deformities
62
Objective info to gather for orthotics
- gait assessment - static posture assessment - talocrural, subtalar, tarsal ROM - ray mobility, 1st MTP ROM - strength testing - balance testing - functional tasks
63
Sciatic nerve roots
L4-S3
64
Common peroneal nerve roots and what it divides into
- L4-S2 | - Becomes deep and superficial peroneal nerve
65
Deep peroneal nerve
- innervates muscles in anterior compartment - anterior tibialis - extensor digitorum longus and brevis - extensor hallucis longus - peroneus tertias
66
Superficial peroneal nerve
- Provides sensory info for skin on the dorsal and lateral aspects of leg and foot. - peroneus longus and brevis
67
Tibial nerve roots and innervations
- L4-S3 - gastrocnemius - soleus - small plantaris - tibialis posterior - flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorum longus
68
Tibial nerve splits
- medial plantar N L4-S2 | - lateral plantar N L5-S3
69
Lateral plantar nerve
- Supplies sensation to the skin on most of the plantar surface of the foot - innervates all foot intrinsics except for the extensor digitorum brevis.
70
Presentation of injury to deep branch of peroneal N
- Paralysis of pretibial nerves | - Results in drop foot
71
Presentation of injury to the superficial branch of peroneal N
- Paralysis of peroneus longus and brevis | - Results in inversion of the foot
72
Presentation of injury to the common peroneal N
- Paralysis of all dorsiflexors and evertors | - Results in PF of the talocrural joint and inversion of the foot.
73
Presentation of injury to the proximal portion of tibial N
- Paralysis of ALL plantar flexor and supinator muscles | - Dorsiflexion of talocrural joint and eversion of the foot
74
Presentation of injury to the middle portion of tibial N
- Paralysis of supinator muscles | - Eversion of the foot
75
Presentation of injury to the medial and lateral plantar N's
-Hyperextension of the MTP joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints
76
Most superficial of intrinsic foot muscle (layer 1)
- flexor digitorum brevis - ABD hallucis - ABD digit minimi
77
Layer 2 of intrinsic foot muscles
- quadratus plantaris | - lumbricals
78
Layer 3 of intrinsic foot muscles
- ADD hallucis - Flexor hallucis brevis - Flexor digit minimi
79
Layer 4 of intrinsic foot muscles
- Plantar interossei | - Dorsal interossei
80
Muscles innervated by the medial plantar nerve
- flexor digitorum brevis - ABD hallucis - flexor hallucis brevis - 2nd digit of lumbricals
81
Muscles innervated by the lateral plantar nerve
- ABD digiti minimi - quadratus plantae - 3rd-5th lumbricals - ADD hallucis - flexor digiti minimi - plantar interossei - dorsal interossei

OCS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions