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MPT 2 > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

the podiatric model focuses on…

A

alignment and biomechanics

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2
Q

functions of the foot

A

1 - absorb rotation
2 - loose adaptor
3 - base of support
4 - rigid lever

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3
Q

which muscles attach to the talus

A

none of them

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4
Q

what muscle controls foot pronation

A

posterior tib

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5
Q

how much DF do you need for normal walking

A

10
20 for running

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6
Q

for stress fractures, how do you decide if they should be non-weight bearing

A

if they have pain with normal everyday activities they should probably be NWB for a period of time

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7
Q

what is chronic compartment syndrome usually due to

A

overuse of a muscle in that compartment

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8
Q

can we treat chronic compartment syndrome

A

sometimes but it often still becomes a surgical issue

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9
Q

the talocrural joint is approx __ degrees varus and about ______ degrees externally rotated

A

2-3
23

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10
Q

talocrural DF range of motion

A

10-25

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11
Q

DF arthrokinematics

A

anterior roll
posterior glide

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12
Q

what could limit DF ROM

A

1 - posterior capsule
2 - gastroc/soleus
3 - deltoid ligament
4 - posterior tib-tib ligament

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13
Q

PF range of motion

A

40-65 degrees

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14
Q

what could limit PF

A

anterior capsule
anterior tib-fib ligament

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15
Q

PF arthrokinematics

A

posterior roll
anterior glide

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16
Q

ligamnets of the ankle mortise

A

interosseous membrane
ant tibio-fibular
post tibio-fibular

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17
Q

how long does it typically take for a high ankle sprain to heal

A

6-8 weeks

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18
Q

typical MOI for high ankle sprain

A

ER

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19
Q

is immobilization common with a high ankle sprain

A

yes

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20
Q

what are the ligs of the medial ankle

A

ant tibio-talar
ant tibio-navicular
calcaneo-tibio
post tibio-talar

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21
Q

what are the ligs of the lateral ankle

A

ant talo-fibular
calcaneo-fibular
post talo-fibular

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22
Q

most commonly sprained ligament

A

anterior talofibular ligament

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23
Q

is ultrasound affective for acute ankle sprains

A

no

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24
Q

are bracing and manual therapy supported for acute ankle sprains

A

yes

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25
Q

is manual therapy supported for chronic sprains

A

yes

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26
Q

should pts with chronic ankle sprains wear an ankle sprains

A

not usually, b/c they need to work on strength instead of relying on the support of the brace

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27
Q

ottawa ankle rules

A
  • tenderness at lateral/medial malleoli, base of 5th metatarsal or navicular
  • inability to walk 4 steps at site of injury or in ER
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28
Q

3 parts of the foot

A

rearfoot
midfoot
forefoot

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29
Q

there is 1 posterior ___ facet and 2 anterior _____ facets on the superior surface of the calcaneus. this is where the talus articulates

A

convex
concave

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30
Q

T or F: fractures of the calcaneus are often complex and long-term dysfuction is common

A

T

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31
Q

supination calcaneal motion and arthrokinematics in the OCK

A

inversion
PF
adduction
medial roll, lateral glide

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32
Q

what happens in the entire LE w/ supination in the CKC

A

calcaneus inverts
talus DF
talus abducts
tibia ER
kee ext/varus
femur ER
hip ext
posterior pelvic tilt

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33
Q

ankle inversion ROM is OKC? CKC?

A

20
10

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34
Q

pronation calcaneal motion and arthrokinematics in the OCK

A

calcaneus everts
talus PF
talus adductus
tibia IR
knee flex/valgus
femur IR
hip flex
anterior pelvic tilt

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35
Q

ankle eversion ROM in OCK? CKC?

A

10
8

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36
Q

ligs of subtalar joint

A

interosseus talo-calcaneal
cervical

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37
Q

two parts of the midtarsal joint

A

calcaneus-cuboid
talus-navicular

38
Q

at the talo-navicular joint, the talus is _____ and the navicular is _______

A

convex
concave

39
Q

supination creates a _____ foot while pronation creates a ______ foot

A

rigid
supple

40
Q

during pronation the oblique and longitudinal axes become more ____ while during supination they become more ______

A

parallel
perpendicular

41
Q

3 joints of the midfoot

A

navicular-cuneiforms
cuneiforms-met
cuboid - met

42
Q

at the navicular-cuneiform articulation, the cuneiforms are _______ and the navicular is _______

A

concave
convex

43
Q

at the cuneiform-met articulation and cuboid-met articulation the arthrokinematics are ______ on ________

A

convex on concave

44
Q

lisfranc joint

A

1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

45
Q

what is usually the MOI for a lisfranc injury

A

plantarflexion

46
Q

what happens to the midfoot with a lisfranc injury

A

it becomes hypermobile

47
Q

should you get imaging with a possible lisfranc injury

A

yes, immobilization and/or surgery is needed

48
Q

what muscle helps control the medial longitudinal arch

A

posterior tib

49
Q

what muscles help support the transverse arch

A

intrinsic foot muscles

50
Q

what do patient’s often complain of feeling with a cuboid sublux? what does a cuboid sublux often come from

A
  • it feels like they are walking on a rock
  • comes from chronic ankle sprains
51
Q

what can you do for a cuboid sublux

A
  • manipulations
  • intrinsic foot and peroneal strength for stability
52
Q

the metatarsophalangeal joints are _______ on _______

A

convex on concave

53
Q

what can you do for hallux valgus

A

offload pain and prevent further valgus by controlling abnormal motion

54
Q

metatarsalgia often comes from a lack of _____ or over____

A

dorsiflexion
pronation

55
Q

plantar fascia tightens during ankle/toe

A

dorsiflexion

56
Q

people with plantar fascitis usually have the most pain when

A

they first stand up in the mornings

57
Q

is dry needling recommended for plantar fascitis

A

no

58
Q

what is recommended for plantar fascitis

A

manual therapy, stretching, taping, orthotics, night splints, ther-ex, footwear, patient ed

59
Q

how long should you try night splints for plantar fascitis

A

1-3 months

60
Q

T or F: some achilles tendon ruptures are now treated non-surgically

A

T

61
Q

is early mobilization beneficial for achilees tendon ruptures

A

yes

62
Q

too much _____ stresses the post tib while too much _____ stresses the achilles tendon

A

pronation
dorsiflexion

63
Q

treatment approach for tendinopathies

A
  • protect healing tendon (soft tissue treatment)
  • restore ROM
  • strengthen (esp eccentrics)
64
Q

should you wear night splints for tendinopathies

A

no

65
Q

Orthoses, heel lifts, and laser therapy have __________ evidence when it comes to treating tendinopathies.

A

conflicting

66
Q

most common LE tendinopathies

A

Achilles tendon
posterior tib
peroneals

67
Q

anterior tib OIA innervation

A

O: upper 2/3 lateral tibia
I: 1st cuneiform/1st metatarsal
A: DF/inversion
N: deep fibular

68
Q

extensor hallicus longus OIA innervation

A

O: middle of fibula
I: distal 1st ray
A: great toe ext/DF
N: deep fib

69
Q

gastrocnemius OIA innervation

A

O: femoral condyles
I: calcaneal tuberosity
A: plantar flexion, knee flexion
N: tibial

70
Q

posterior tibialis OIA innervation

A

O: posterior lateral tibia
I: navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, base of 2,3,4
A: inversion, PF
N: tibial

71
Q

fibularis longus/brevis OIA innervation

A

O: lateral tibia, proximal 2/3 fibula
I: base of 5th, 1st metatarsal, 1st cuneiform
A: eversion, PF
N: superficial fibular

72
Q

three phase approach for foot/ankle rehab

A

1) protection (acute)
2) ROM (subacute)
3) return to activity (advanced training/maintenance)

73
Q

What kind of strength training is appropriate (if any) during protection phase?

A

sub-max isometrics

74
Q

By the end of the ROM phase the goal is to have full ROM and be fully…

A

weightbearing
*also want to return to full ADLs

75
Q

What kind of strength training during ROM phase?

A

endurance and balance

76
Q

The goal is for _____% of strength to be regained by the end of ROM phase.

A

80

77
Q

During the return to activity the tissue is able to withstand full stress and the goal by the end of this phase is to return to…

A

athletics or occupation/daily activity

78
Q

What kind of strength training during return to activity phase?

A

strength, balance, and agility

79
Q

The goal is for _____% of strength to be regained by the end of return to activity phase.

A

90

80
Q

What do foot orthotics do?

A

control abnormal motion or change abnormal position

81
Q

Are soft orthotics used for rigid or hypermobile feet? What is the goal of soft orthotics?

A

rigid
goal is to rest/off load

82
Q

What population are soft orthotics often seen in?

A

older adults
those with wounds
post-operative/trauma

83
Q

Are semi-rigid orthotics for rigid or hypermobile feet? What is the goal?

A

hypermobile
forefoot control

84
Q

What population are semi-rigid orthotics often seen in?

A

overpronators
heavier or more active individuals

85
Q

T or F: orthotics have shown to be very useful for treating back pain

A

F: they have the most impact where you put them (foot/ankle)

86
Q

T or F: orthotics can improve balance in older adults

A

T

87
Q

Best position to measure PF and DF

A

prone
*for DF measure in both knee extension and flexion

88
Q

How to control pronation during standing gastroc stretch

A

put a towel under medial arch and first two toes

89
Q

How to stretch plantar fascia during gastroc stretch

A

towel under big toe

90
Q

posterior glides improve…

A

dorsiflexion

91
Q

What can cause the fibula to move forward? What can you do for this?

A

ankle sprains (the ATFL gets stretched out and pulls on it)
posterior glide

92
Q

How many single leg calf raises should you be about to do for running?

A

30

MPT 2 (11 decks)

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