Foot Anatomy & Conditions

Question 1

How many bones in each foot?

Answer 1

26

Question 2

The largest of the tarsal bones in the foot is the:

Answer 2

Calcaneus (heel bone)

Question 3

The muscles of the calf are:

Answer 3

Gastocnemius and Soleus

Question 4

What are the bones of the lower leg

Answer 4

Tibula and Fibula

Question 5

What are the bones of the toes

Answer 5

Phalanges

Question 6

How many phalanges are there in each foot - phalanges are the bones that form the toes

Answer 6

14

Question 7

The big or great toe has 2 bones - name them

Answer 7

Distal and proximal

Question 8

The lower leg has 2 bones - name them and describe them

Answer 8

the tibia is the shinbone and the fibula forms the lateral ankle

Question 9

The tendon joining the gastrocnemius ( large posterior muscle of the calf of the leg) to the calcaneus is the

Answer 9

Achilles Tendon

Question 10

The metatarsals are numbered 1 to 5 from what side to what side

Answer 10

Medial to lateral

Question 11

List 2 functions of the arches of the foot

Answer 11

weight bearing and movement

Question 12

name the 2 arches of the foot and describe their position and function

Answer 12

Medial longitudinal arch - is the most prominent foot arch. Absorbs impact of walking, jumping, running

Lateral longitudinal arch

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

is a bending motion that descreases the angle between the bones as in bending the fingers to close the hand

Question 14

Extention

Answer 14

A straightening motion that increases the angle between the bones, as in straightening the fingers to open the hand

Question 15

Inversion

Answer 15

the act of turning the sole inward so that it faces the opposite foot

Question 16

Dorsiflexion

Answer 16

the foot is bent upward at the ankle, narrowing the angle between the leg and the top of the foot

Question 17

Abduction

Answer 17

movement away from the body, as in lifting arm out to the side

Question 18

Plantar Flexion

Answer 18

the toes point downward, as in toe dancing, flexing the arch of the foot

Question 19

Abductor hallucis

Answer 19

abducts and flexes the big toe

Question 20

Adductor hallucis

Answer 20

move the big toe towards the 2nd toe

Question 21

Extensor digitorum

Answer 21

pulls foot and toes upwards

Question 22

Flexor Digitorum

Answer 22

plantar flexes the toes

Question 23

Gastrocnemius (ga·straak·nee·mee·uhs)

Answer 23

Gastrocnemius: This muscle makes up half of your calf muscle. It runs down the back of your lower leg, from behind your knee to the Achilles tendon in your heel. It’s one of the main muscles involved in plantar flexion. Soleus: The soleus muscle also plays a major role in plantar flexion.

Question 24

Peroneus longus

Answer 24

When it contracts, it moves your ankle into eversion. This motion is when your ankle moves to the side towards your smallest toe.

Question 25

Tibialis anterior

Answer 25

is the strongest dorsiflexor of the foot. Dorsiflexion is critical to gait because this movement clears the foot off the ground during the swing phase. The tibialis anterior, along with the tibialis posterior, is also a primary inverter of the foot.

Question 26

Tibialis posterior

Answer 26

The tibialis posterior acts to plantarflex the foot, and also to invert the foot and support the medial arch. The muscles of the anterior compartment primarily antagonize the posterior compartment muscles. Collectively, the anterior muscles dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint.

Question 27

Athlete’s Foot

Answer 27

infection of the feet caused by fungus called tinea pedis

Question 28

Bunion

Answer 28

A prominence of the head of the first metatarsal bone where it meets the big toe

Question 29

corn

Answer 29

Foot corns are hardened layers of skin that develop from your skin’s response to friction and pressure

Question 30

fungal toenail

Answer 30

white to yellowish brownish often brittle nail with granular sand like debris under the nail

Question 31

Gout

Answer 31

Acute condition often afflicting the big toe - caused by buildup of uric acid in the joint

Question 32

Ingrown toenail

Answer 32

An ingrown toenail happens when the corner or edge of your toenail curves and grows into the surrounding skin. This may cause pain, redness, and swelling.

Question 33

Morton’s Neuroma

Answer 33

Morton’s neuroma (Intermetatarsal Neuroma) is a thickening of the tissue that surrounds the digital nerve that leads from the ball of the foot between the third and fourth toes. The condition results from compression and irritation of the nerve and, left untreated, leads to permanent nerve damage.

Question 34

plantar fasciitis

Answer 34

Plantar fasciitis (PLAN-tur fas-e-I-tis) is one of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes (plantar fascia).

Worse after rest

Question 35

Warts

Answer 35

Plantar warts are caused by an infection with HPV in the outer layer of skin on the soles of your feet. They develop when the virus enters your body through tiny cuts, breaks or other weak spots on the bottoms of your feet. HPV is very common.