Foot

Question 1

Abductor Hallucis

Answer 1

Origin: medial tuberosity of calcaneum and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Nerve: medial plantar nerve
Action: flexes and abducts big toe; braces medial longitudinal arch

Question 2

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 2

Origin: medial tubercle of calcaneum
Insertion: four tendons to four lateral toes inserted into borders of middle phalanx; tendons perforated by flexor digitorum longus
Nerve: medial plantar nerve
Action: flexes lateral four toes; braces medial and lateral longitudinal arches

Question 3

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 3

Origin: medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneum
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Action: flexes and abducts fifth toe; braces lateral longitudinal arch

Question 4

Lumbricals

Answer 4

Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: dorsal extensor expansion; bases of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes
Nerve: first lumbrical- medial plantar nerve; remainder- lateral plantar nerve
Action: extends toes at interphalangeal joints

Question 4

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 4

Origin: medial and lateral sides of calcaneum
Insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Action: assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four toes

Question 5

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 5

Origin: cuboid, lateral cuneiform, tibialis posterior insertion
Insertion: medial tendon into middle side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe; lateral tendon into lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Nerve: medial plantar nerve
Action: flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch

Question 6

Adductor Hallucis

Answer 6

Origin: oblique head bases of second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones; transverse head from plantar ligaments
Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Nerve: deep branch lateral plantar nerve
Action: flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; holds together metatarsal bones

Question 7

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Answer 7

Origin: base of fifth metatarsal bone
Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Action: flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe

Question 8

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 8

Origin: adjacent sides of metatarsal bones
Insertion: base of proximal phalanges first- medial side of second toe; remainder- lateral side of second, third, and fourth toes and also dorsal extensor expansion
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Action: abduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Question 9

Plantar Interossei

Answer 9

Origin: inferior surfaces of third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones
Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanges of lateral three toes
Nerve: lateral plantar nerve
Action: adduction of toes; flexes metatarsophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints

Question 10

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 10

Origin: anterior part of upper surface of the calcaneum and from the inferior extensor retinaculum
Insertion: by four tendons into proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to second, third, and fourth toes
Nerve: deep peroneal nerve
Action: extends toes