Foot

Question 1

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 1

Origin: Superolateral surface of calcaneous

Insertion: lateral sides of the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus (toes 2-4)

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)

Function: Extension of toes 2-4

Question 2

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 2

Origin: Superolateral surface of calcaneous

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (S1, S2)

Function: Extension of great toe at MTP joint

Question 3

Abductor Hallucis

Answer 3

Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Function: Abducts and flexes great toe at MTP joint

Question 4

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 4

Origin: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Sides of middle phalanges of toes 2-5

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Function: Flexes lateral 4 toes at PIP joint

Question 5

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 5

Origin: Calcaneous tuberosity and band of connective tissue connecting calcaneous with base of metatarsal 5

Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Function: Abducts little toe at MTP joint

Question 6

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 6

Origin: Medial and plantar borders of calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion: Flexor digitorum Longus tendon

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Function: Assists flexor digitorum Longus tendon in flexion of toes 2-5

Question 7

Lumbricals

Answer 7

Origin: 1: 1st lumbrical - medial side of flexor digitorum Longus tendon

Insertion: Medial free margins of extensor hoods of toes 2-5

Innervation: 1st lumbrical - medial plantar nerve; 2nd - 4th lumbricals - lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Function: Flexion of MTP joints and extension of IP joints of toes 2-5

Question 8

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 8

Origin: Cuboid, cuneiform, and tendon of tibialis posterior

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of great toe

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

Function: Flexes great toe at MTP joint

Question 9

Adductor Hallucis

Answer 9

Origin: Transverse head - MTP joints of lateral 3 toes; Oblique head - bases of metatarsals 2-4

Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Function: Adducts great toe at MTP joint

Question 10

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Answer 10

Origin: Base of 5th metatarsal and fibularis Longus tendon

Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Function: Flexes the little toe at MTP joint

Question 11

Plantar Interossei

Answer 11

Origin: Base of metatarsal 5 and sheath of fibularis Longus

Insertion: Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 3-5

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Function: Adduction of toes 3-5, resist extension of MTP joints, and flexion of IP joints

Question 12

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 12

Origin: Sides of adjacent metatarsals

Insertion: Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes 2-5

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3). 1st and 2nd dorsal interosseit also innervation by deep fibular nerve

Function: Abduction of toes 2-4, resist extension of MTP joints, and flexion of IP joints