FOOD SUSTAINABILITY Flashcards
What are some ethical issues related to food sustainability?
Animal welfare, spread of disease, highest output possible, heath risks, enviromental impact.
What are some enviromental issues related to food sustainability?
Pollution, climate change, water consumption, soil erosion, habitate loss, green house gases.
Explain enteric fermentation?
Natural part of the digestive process of ruminant animals.
Explain what a carbon sink is?
Natural enviroment, soil is able to absorb CO2.
Explain CAFOs?
Concentrated Animal Feeding Orginisation.
Explain aquifers ?
Body of rock holding ground water.
What resources does the produdction of livestock use?
water, fuel, fertilisers and pesticides.
In what ways would cutting out meat help with climate change?
foods harvested, stored, processed or fed to animals who are then slaughtered, processed and then packaged and delivered. these stages use energy so cutting meat cut the emissions and reduces the natural resourcves used.
what does life sustaining mean?
Serves to continue or support life.
What is an ecosystem?
Its a community of animals, plants and organisms together in a habitat.
How can animal agriculture contribute to climate change?
(1) Feeding massive amounts of grain and water.
(2) killing them and processing ans storing in energy intensive.
(3) deforestation - cant absorb GHGs.
(4) animal manure releases GHG into water and atmosphere.
What are some ways land can change in realtion to livestock?
Deforestation, desertification, release of carbon from cultivated soils, lead to issues with carbon sinks (lesser).
How is methane produced?
Ruminant animals digest through enteric fermentation prioducing methane, released through belching and flatulence.
How does waste from ruminant animals produce GHG?
Faeces are stored in waste lagoons which emit methane and nitrous oxide.
What is nitrous oxide explained?
Its a more potent GHG associated with manure management and fertiliser.
What is CO2 produced by?
Intensive farming, slaughtering animals and packaging and transporting animal products, grazing pastures.
What is methane produced by?
Ruminant animals during digestion of grasses and feed in a process called enteric fermentation, manure decomposing.
What is nitrous oxide produced by?
Manure storage and fertilisers.
What is the total percentage that trasnportation contributes to global warming?
13.1%
What are some other sources of emissions?
Waste and manufacturing.
Explain waste as a souce of emissions?
Food waste, goes to landfills which is a key source of methane as food decays.
Explain manufacturing as a source of emisions?
Emisions from manufacturing and construction, for the food industry.
Who are the food and agriculture organization (FAO)?
An organization wanting to improve food seecurity ensuring people have regular access to high quality food.
What is the impact of animal farming on water?
one quarter of global blue water related to producing meat and dairy; water is used at every part of the process in animal farming (animal feeds); clean, filthy factory farms; industrialized farming (irrigation).
What is the impact of animal farming on water pollution?
Poor management of manure, fertilisers and soil can result in water pollution (eutrophication); lagoons emit toxic airborne chemicals.
What is an issue of using lagoons?
emit toxic airborne chemicals that can cause inflammatory, immune, irritation and neurochemical problems in humans?
What is an issue with over grazing cows?
Compacts the soil encouraging run off of fertilisers and sediment from the soil into water ways causing pollution. Reduces soils nutrient levels making fertilisers necessary depleting the soil.
What is the impact of animal farming on soil?
Increases soil erosion and can damage soil fertility; destroying carbon sinks; deforestation for the purpose of paddock expansions for livestock; deterioration of soils releases GHG.
Explain over farming?
Unsustainable farming methods can be used to ensure demand is met; if monoculture occurs the available nutrition in the soil is gradually decreased, leads to desertification.
Explain local food?
food to be grown, produced, processed, traded and sold within 30-50 miles of consumers homes. Positive impact on climate change.
Explain seasonal food?
food that is outdoor grown or produced during its natural growing period for the country or region its produced in. Food is at its peak, cheaper and fresher.
What is the impact of local and seasonal food on climate chnage?
may use fewer nitrogen fertiliser, cuts down of fossil fuel and energy usage, likely to used sustainable farming methods, good for promoting organic produce, increase diversity of landscape and wildlife.
What are the sections that local and seasonal food should be mentioned in in relaiton to climate change?
production, retail, storage, packaging.
What are the environmental issues helped by buying local and seasonal foods?
cut down on fossil fuels (GHG), used sustainable farming methods (enriching soil, protecting air, water quality), minimum packaging, not imported, promotes organic practices, lowers energy usage, lowers prices, increase landscape diversity.
Ethical issues helped by buying local and seasonal foods?
benefiting the local community, avoids paying premium for air miles, knowing where your food comes from, supports local sustainable farms, sense of belonging for those who work on local farms.
Issues with local and seasonal foods?
capitalize consumer demands, may be just labelled local, no specific distance, some local can be more detrimental to environment.
What is food security?
FAO food security exists when all people at all times have physical,social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food.
What is a positive effect on climate change in relation to ethics in organic farming?
improved animal welfare, sustainable produce, reduced water pollution, reduced soil pollution, reduced air pollution, promotes local economy.
What is a positive effect on climate change in relation to environmental effects in organic farming?
Air climate change, water, soil, sustainability, use of natural resources, biodiversity.
What are some ethical factors of organic farming?
animal species that are resistant to disease, free range, promoting animal welfare, restriction of additives, no routinely antibiotics.
What are some environmental factors of organic farming?
respect of natural life cycles, wild crop rotation, strict pesticide rules, no chemicals, fully traceable, wildlife can thrive.
