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Geography > Food Security in Horn of Africa Case Study > Flashcards

Food Security in Horn of Africa Case Study Flashcards

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1
Q

Africa includes what?

A
  • cities
  • wealth
  • innovation
  • heros
  • cultural diveristy
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2
Q

Why does Africa still feel the effects of colonialism?

A

Colonial governments gave European settlers more rights, better land than Africans

Destroyed or replaced traditional governance
Economies, transportation networks oriented toward exports

Difficult transition to independence

Western countries have supported dictators

Conditional aid: loans or aid money tied to specific policies

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3
Q

What was the examples of the horn of Africa culture/history?

A

Examples from Ethiopia
- lucy (skeleton), oldest known ancestor

  • Lalibela: 800-year-old churches carved out of stone
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4
Q

What were the horn of african livelihoods?

A

ex from somalia:
- agriculture
- pastoralism (sometimes nomadic)
- fishing in coastal areas

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5
Q

What are the 3 linked problems of the horn of Africa?

A
  • drought (and floods)
  • food insecurity
  • conflict
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6
Q

How is the drought in horn of africa?

A
  • across region, low rainfall several years in a row
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7
Q

what was the result of the drought in horn of africa?

A
  • crops fail
  • animals die or are sold
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8
Q

What happens when flooding happens in horn of africa?

A
  • kenya: 290 ppl killed, 275k displaced by heavy rains and floods
  • 11k livestock deaths
  • cropland destroyed
  • buildings dmged
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9
Q

What were the conflicts in horn of africa?

A
  • somalia: civil war
  • local conflicts in northern Kenya
  • ethiopia- eritrea conflict
  • ethiopia: cil war
  • sudan conflict
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10
Q

What outbreak did the multi-year drought coincide with in ethiopia?

A

rinderpest (livestock disease)
- pastoral ppl lost almost all animals
- cultivators lost oxen they needed to plow the land

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11
Q

Why was it hard to import food in ethiopia?

A

ethiopia was at war
- tried to import grain, but was pillaged in somalia which also experiencing famine

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12
Q

What happened to the price of food in ethiopia?

A

food + animals increased 100x

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13
Q

what diseases spread that weakened population in ethiopia?

A

dysentery

smallpox

typhus

flu

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14
Q

What was the outcome of the weakened population in ethiopia due to diseases?

A

reshaped political landscape

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15
Q

What were the environmental roots of famine in horn of africa?

A

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO):
- Cyclical pattern of interaction between ocean-atmosphere systems

  • Affects temperature and rainfall distributions
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16
Q

The ENSO cycle has 2 extremes, what are they?

A

El Niño: Warmer than average temperatures in parts of the Pacific Ocean

La Niña: Cooler than average temperatures in parts of the Pacific Ocean

17
Q

what were the ENSO effects?

A

Vary widely in different locations

El Niño associated with weak monsoon rains and drought in parts of Asia, Africa and S America

La Niña associated with heavy precipitation and flooding in same areas

18
Q

How does ENSO and the horn of Africa relate?

A

Horn of Africa has two rainy seasons, one dry season

El Niño correlates with failure of long rains but wetter than usual dry seasons in the region

19
Q

What about climate change?

A
  • general models suggest rainfall in horn of africa may decline by 10%
  • hotter temps also linked to locust outbreaks
20
Q

What are the social roots of famine?

A

There is enough food in the world to feed everyone

Inequality, poverty make some people more vulnerable to food insecurity than others

Imperial policies at times diverted food away from famine zones (e.g. in India, Egypt)

Politics can get in the way of famine relief

21
Q

What are the effects of conflict on food security?

A

Historically: conflicts stretched resources, made it difficult to import food when needed

Conflicts can cause displacement and tough conditions in refugee camps

Conflict makes it harder to distribute food aid

22
Q

What is famine?

A
  • simply, not just a lack of food
  • undernourishment and disease kill together
23
Q

Why isn’t famine just a food and agriculture problem?

A
  • has environmental triggers
  • social triggers
  • intersects with public health
  • worsened by conflict
  • worsens conflict

Geography (10 decks)

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