Food Security Case Study - India (EDC) Flashcards
What is India’s population?
Over a billion.
What is India’s global ranking in terms of agriculture?
2nd highest agricultural yields.
What percentage of crops in India are lost to insects, pests or disease?
30%.
How many hectares of land are cultivated and how many of these are organic?
191 million hectares are cultivated and just half a million hectares are organic.
What percentage of India’s population relies on agriculture?
60%.
What percentage of India’s GDP does agriculture make up?
18%.
What are the three direct issues with agriculture in India?
- Rainwater is unreliable and only 48% of cropped area is under irrigation.
- Modern machinery is limited due to costs and small areas of land.
- Traditional crops such as rice and wheat are excessively produced causing market issues.
What are the transportation and storage issues with agriculture in India?
- Rural areas have inadequate storage, and so farmers have to sell quickly, often at a reduced price.
- Poor road connections limit transportation and sales.
What are the two governmental issues with agriculture in India?
- Government intervention is required to regulate high levels of interest and debt.
- Government schemes are limited and often don’t reach small scale farmers.
What percentage of rural households in India rely on agriculture?
70%.
What percentage of farmers in India are subsidence farmers?
82%.
What percentage of the world’s hungry people are in India?
25%.
How many undernourished people are there in India?
190 million.
What percentage of groundwater sources in India are overexploited?
80%.
What are the two causes of high soil erosion in India?
- Much of India has heavy rainfall but minimal infiltration.
- Soil quality is reduced by intensive year-round wheat farming, causing the soil to become more alkaline.
What are the two positives of the 1960s Green Revolution in India?
- HYV (High yield variety) crops were introduced, increasing yields and crop resistance.
- Jobs were created in the agrochemical industry.
What are the two negatives of the 1960s Green Revolution in India?
- Some agrochemicals were proven to be toxic, and others negatively affect soil and water quality.
- The increase in agrochemicals and machinery widened the gap between commercial and subsidence farmers.
In what two ways has globalisation affected Indian agriculture?
- Products are increasingly imported, causing subsidence farmers to grow high value crops.
- Foreign Direct Investment had to be limited to keep income local.
What were the three causes of water scarcity in Hiware Bazar?
- Water pollution.
- Mismanagement and wasting of water resources.
- Low rainfall of just 400mm due to being in a rain shadow.
What is the population of Hiware Bazar?
1250 people.
What is the average income in Hiware Bazar?
30,000 INR or US$450 a month.
How many families in Hiware Bazar are millionaires?
60 out of 235 families.
How many plants are preserved on farms in Hiware Bazar?
100 different plants.
What three construction methods were used to reduce water scarcity in Hiware Bazar?
- Contour trenches.
- Percolation tanks.
- Cement bunds.
