Food Provenance Flashcards
What is intensive farming
-uses chemicals to produce the highest possible yield
What is organic farming
- uses natural methods
- food is grown naturally without using artificial fertilisers and pesticides
- more expensive
What are genetically modified foods
-food that has had its genes altered to give it useful characteristics such as improving growth or changing its colour
advantages of genetically modified foods
- crops can be made quicker
- producers can get higher yields of crops for the same amount of seed and fertiliser
- food is cheaper
- longer shelf life
- can be modified to have extra nutrients
disadvantages of genetically modified foods
- long-term health effects are unknown
- can’t sell their food everywhere
What are the issues with factory-farmed animals
- Animals don’t have much space
- Not an ethical farming method
- Animals don’t live nice lives
Why do free-range animals live nicer lives than factory-farmed animals
-Free-range animals have more space
What are the different fishing methods
- Trawling- fishing boats that catch fish using nets
- Fish farming- fish are raised in tanks or enclosures in rivers and lakes
How are trawling and fish farming ineffective methods
-bottom trawling is destructive
-trawlers catch unwanted animals in their nets such as dolphins
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Name 3 sustainable ways to fish
- Longline fishing- uses fishing line with baited hooks
- fishing quotas- limit amount and sizes of fish caught
- regulating net sizes- holes in fishing nets need to be a certain size so unwanted fish can escape
Name the 4 reasons why we waste food at home
- Food has spoiled
- Confusion over best before dates
- Too much food cooked
- Preparing food incorrectly
Name 4 reasons why retailers waste food
- If food is damaged or spoiled during transport
- Imperfect food (ugly food)
- To avoid upsetting customers, supermarkets stock more than they can sell
- larger packs of food is better value- more than people need
How can we reduce waste
- Plan meals and correct portion sizes
- Correctly store food
- pay attention to use by date
- Use leftovers in meals the day after/ freeze them
- Use whole food
- donate unwanted food
How is packaging bad for the environment
- manufacturing the materials for packaging uses lots of energy
- plastic packaging takes a long time to biodegrade
- Litter is hazardous
Definition of food miles
- the distance food travels from where it is produced to the customer
- bad for envirnoment
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What does the carbon footprint measure
-it measures the impact your lifestyle has on the environment
How does food production contribute to climate change
- processing, transporting and wasting food lead to the production of greenhouse gases
- these greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere
- the heat is then trapped meaning less can escape into space
- causing global warming
How can climate change effect food production
-climate change can cause extreme weather events;
flooding- which can directly damage and destroy crops
drought- crops struggle to grow or fail completely
What is Fairtrade
- supporting farmers and workers in less developed countries and encouraging sustainable food production
- ensures farmers get a decent price for their trade and have improved working conditions
What is primary processing
-it prepares raw foods so they are ready to be eaten or cooked
Name the process how flour is made
- Wheat grains are harvested and cleaned to remove any stones
- The grains are stored in dry conditions to prevent moulds from growing on them
- grains are put in a hopper and are crushed between rollers that crack open the grain
Name 4 ways milk is heated to kill bacteria
- pasteurisation- 72oC for 15 mins- extends shelf life
- ultra heat treatment (UHT)-135oC 1-4 secs- 6 months shelf life
- sterilisation- - longer shelf life- 12 moths- 110oC 10-30 mins- caramel flavour
- microfiltraion-extends shelf life
What is secondary processing
When raw primary processed ingredients are processed to produce a food product
Give 3 examples of secondary food processing
- Flour turned into bread/ pasta
- Fruit turned into jam
- Milk turned into cheese and yoghurt
Definition of fortification
-where nutrients are added to a food
Name 3 examples of food that are mandatory fortified
- white flour- iron, thiamin, niacin, calcium are added back in when lost during production
- margarine- vitamin A and D
- semi-skimmed and skimmed milk- vitamin A
Definition of additive
-something that is added to food to improve its properties
Name the 4 additives and their positives and negatives
- preservatives- prevent bacteria growing, so food lasts longer
- colourings- make food look more attractive and appealing
- flavourings- improve taste or aroma of a food
- emulsifiers and stabilisers- help preserve shape and texture pf food products
Name 3 examples of foods that are voluntary fortified
- cereals- calcium, iron, vitamin B groups
- fruit juice- vitamin C
- whole milk- vitamin D
Name 4 reasons why foods are fortified
- increase a foods nutritional value
- restore foods nutritional value which has been lost during processing
- make it suitable for certain consumer groups
- prevent diseases
4 reasons Why should we buy local foods
- better for environment- less food miles
- its fresher and tastier
- supports local businesses
- products can be cheap
Name 2 disadvantages of seasonal foods
- not avaliable all year round
- unpackagaed/ unpreserved foods spoil faster
