Food Pigments 2 Flashcards
Is anthocyanins water soluble
Or insoluble
Water soluble
What is the color of anthocyanin
Red, blue, violet
What is the source of anthocyanin
1) plants
2) microorganisms
What is the production of anthocyanin
1) extraction
2) biosynthesis
How is anthocyanin extracted
1)add substrate to extraction solution
2) blending / mixing
3) gray treatment
4) filtration
5) purification
What is the biosynthesis of anthocyanin
Malonyl CoA + coumaroyl CoA = anthocyanidin which is various anthocyanin
What is anthocyanin
Glycosides it sugars ester of anthocyanidin
What are the common anthocyanin and their distribution in fruit and veg
Cyanidin - apples, cherries, plums
Delphinidin - grapes / oranges
Malvinidin- blue graoes
Pelargonidin - strawberries
Peonidin- cherries and plums
Perunidjn- blueberries
How die we increase blue color of anthocyanins
By increasing OH CONTENT
How die we increase redness in anthocyanins
Increase OCH3
What this effect has on the anthocyanins
Ph
Cooking
Additives
Temperature
Sugar content
Enzymes ( glycosidesase and anthocyanase)
Ph- acidic conditions change to red
color. Alkaline cintions change to blue
Cooking: lost water
Additives - decolorized
Temperature : high = destruction
Sugar content : Destruction
Enzyme : remove the sugars and destabilize the molecule and cause loss of color ( also be causes by microwave )
Is flavonoids water soluble
Yes
What is the color of flavonoids
Red, blue, purple
What are the classification of flavonoids
Flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavonones, flavanonols
What is the common properties of flavonoids
Substrate in enzymatic browning reactions
Involved in discolouration in foods
Cheating agent
Antioxidant
What is the color and the solubility for betalaine
Red and yellow pigments and it is water soluble
What is the function of betalaine
Food colorant
How is betalaine degraded
By thermal processing
Tannins
Solubility and color
Water soluble and yellow to brown
What food is tannin found
Chocolate
Wine
Nuts
Quinones
-Color
-Solubility
- found where
Yellow to black
Water soluble
Found in plants and microorganisms
What is quinone used to
Used as natural dyestuff
Xanthone
- solubility
- color
Water soluble and yellow
Melanins or Melanoidins
- color
- found where
- compound
Brown color
Found in fruits, veg, fungi and Crustacea
Compound is phenolic
Why is H2O2 breakdown is important
BecUse if there is an accumulation it can be harmful
