Food Manufacturing

Question 1

Major processes in feed manufacturing

Answer 1

ingredients receiving
griding
batching and mixing
conditioning and pelleting

Question 2

Receiving center ingredients terms

Answer 2

unprocessed grains
processed bulk ingredients
soft feed ingredients
heavy feed ingredients
liquids
micro-ingredients

Question 3

Receiving center equipment

Answer 3

Scales
unloading mechanisms
truck dumper
mechanical scoops
front end loader for barges
receiving hopper and conveyors
cleaning/screening devices

Question 4

Grinding operation and grinding equipment

Answer 4

What are factors to consider?
target particle size
grinding capacity
energy consumption
maintenance cost
environmental safety

Question 5

Hammer mill operation

Answer 5

Particle sized is controlled by the following:

screen size; hammer tip speed; air assist system; hammer setting

Question 6

Roller mill operation

Answer 6

Grind size is controlled by the following:

number of roll pairs; roll gap; roll speed; corrugations; corrugation numbers

Question 7

Advantages of hammer mills

Answer 7

• ability to produce different particle sizes; works well with fibre
• low cost of investment vs roller mills; low maintenance cost
• simple to operate

Question 8

Disadvantages of hammer mills

Answer 8

• particle size variability is high
• energy not efficiently used vs roller mill
• generates heat
• higher noise and dust production

Question 9

advantages of roller mills

Answer 9

• low energy consumption; low level of noise vs hammer mill

- low increase in heat production; high particle size uniformity

Question 10

disadvantages of roller mills:

Answer 10

• high investment costs; not so easy to operate; high maintenance
• does not work well with fibrous materials; requirement for cleaning is tedious

Question 11

Types of feed mill watching systems:

Answer 11

pre-batch grind; post-mis grind; post-batch grind; post-pellet blend

Question 12

Types of batching equipment

Answer 12

bins systems; tote bag system; scales (big or small); weigh buggy

Question 13

Types of mixers

Answer 13

paddle; twin-shaft paddle; double ribbon; twin-shaft ribbon; vertical mixer

Question 14

What is conditioning?

Answer 14

a process where live steam is injected into the mash to create a mixture that can be formed into a pellet

Question 15

Purpose of conditioning

Answer 15

-increaases mash moisture and temp; activates natural adhesives founding ingredients; softens the feed particles for increased surface binding during compression

Question 16

Some of the reason why feed are pelleted

Answer 16

improve palatability; decrease wastage; destroys pathogens/microorganisms; reduce ingredient segregation

Question 17

Pellet vs Mash feed

Answer 17

Pellet: small particle size; allows for high inclusion of alternative feed ingredients; variable inclusion of alternative ingredients; higher inclusion of fat

Mash: higher particle size; works well for grain based formula; lower manufacturing cost