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Nutrition > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of minerals

A

inorganic substances that are required by the body; 2 categories: micro and macro; 1 of 6 nutrient classes

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2
Q

List 3 general functions of minerals and one example of each

A

bone structure - P
tissue/cellular structure - K
blood/hemoglobin - Fe

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3
Q

Minerals can be classified as either ___ or ____

A

macro

micro

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4
Q

Examples of each class of minerals

A

macro: ca, p, mg
micro: zn, cu, co

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5
Q

What is eutrophication

A

the enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients; typically compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorous or both; can be a natural process

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6
Q

Pica (bone chewing) is associated with which mineral deficiency?
-P, Ca, Zn

A

phosphorous

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7
Q

One of these minerals occurs the most as a co-factor in the glycolytic pathway
-P, Ca, Mg

A

Magnesium

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8
Q

In what 2 vitamins is sulfur found?

A

thiamine; biotin

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9
Q

Predominant found in/component of:

  1. bone
  2. blood
  3. extracellular fluid
  4. amino acid
  5. too high level could inactivate enzymes
  6. found in epidermal tissues as skin, hair, wool, etc
  7. regulation of metabolism/metabolic
A
  1. Ca
  2. Fe
  3. Na
  4. S
  5. Cu
  6. Zn
  7. I
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10
Q

List 3 minerals (macro) whose digestion and absorption is influenced by physic acid (or phytate contents) of the diet

A

Ca, P, Mg

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11
Q

One of these minerals plays an active role in sexual maturation
-Zn, Mg, Mn

A

manganese

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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone is involved in ___ metabolism

-ca, zn, mg

A

Calcium

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13
Q

Thyroxine (a hormone) is produced from this amino aid

-threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine

A

tyrosine

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14
Q

Hairless and/or stillborn pigs ____

-manganese, iodine, cobalt

A

iodine

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15
Q

Irregular estrus cycles; fetal resorption or birth of small, weak pigs; poor udder development and little if any milk production
-copper, zinc, manganese

A

manganese

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16
Q

Increased mortality of newborn lambs and calves; white muscle disease lambs and calves
-selenium, copper, iron

A

selenim

17
Q

Deficiency of this mineral does not necessarily lead to weight lost but high fat deposition
-cobalt, manganese, selenium

A

manganese

18
Q

It is extremely important to supplement poultry and swine diets with ca. Give 2 reasons why

A
  • fast growing

- usually fed diets with low Ca levels

19
Q

Based on our discussion in class, name 2 minerals that may cause anemia in animals

A

iron copper

20
Q

_____ is the process through which some minerals bind to some agents to varying degrees which generally leads to sequestering or isolating the mineral from interactions with other compounds and in some cases make it difficult for some minerals to be absorbed

A

Chelate

21
Q

How well dietary calcium is going to be absorbed is dependent on a particular mineral. what is this mineral and what range of ratios do you think is optimal for good Ca utilization in swine?

A

P, 2:1 and 1:1

22
Q

Briefly describe how parathyroid hormone (PTH) influences Ca metabolism

  • Intestine:
  • Kidney:
  • Bone:
A
  • increase Ca absorption
  • increase Ca reabsorption
  • increase Ca resorption
23
Q

The absorption of minerals is dependent on many factors. Will each of the following increase or decrease or have no effect on the absorption of calcium

  • Acid pH (5-8) instead of neutral (6.8-7)
  • Low levels of physic acid because o changing the source of ingredients used
  • rising the P content of the diet
  • premenopausal age for a woman compared to postmenopausal
  • aging
A
  • increase
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
24
Q

What happens when chickens are fed a diet that is high in Na (or NacL)

  • feed intake increase or decrease
  • water consumption: increase or decrease
A

-decrease; increase

25
Q

Potential for sodium toxicity is greatly reduce when animals have an adequate supply of a particular nutrient. What is this nutrient?

A

water

26
Q

T/F: C and P comprise over 70% of the body mineral

A

true

27
Q

T/F: 99% of calcium is found in bones and teeth

A

true

28
Q

T/F: Qualitatively, Ca > P >Mg in bone

A

True

29
Q

T/F: Horses and sheep are more likely to be deficient in Ca and P

A

False

30
Q

T/F: Goiter is an enlargement of the kidney

A

False

31
Q

T/F: Eggs and milk production could be stimulated by the administration of iodine containing compounds

A

True

32
Q

T/F: The thyroid gland from an animal that was fed a diet that efficient in iodine is smaller than that of a similar animal that was fed same diet but with adequate levels of iodine

A

False

33
Q

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of 2 of the minerals (most important) listed below (circle 2)
Zn, Mg, Ca, P, Mn

A

Ca, P

34
Q

Conditions caused by deficiencies:

  1. graying of black hair and wool: cobalt or copper
  2. two of these could cause anemia: Fe, P, Cu, Zn
  3. Associated with vitamin B12: Cu or Co
  4. About 60% of iodine is found in this organ: liver; thyroid gland; kidney
A
  1. Cobalt
  2. Fe; Cu
  3. Co
  4. Thyroid
35
Q

List two micro minerals that may be affected by the soil (location) on which crops are grown

A

Selenium; cobalt

36
Q

List 2 signs of Se deficiencies

A

white muscle disease; poor reproductive ability

Nutrition (4 decks)

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