Food Intake

Question 1

Missense mutation of leptin receptor = obesity, immune function, delayed puberty; 3% obese group

Answer 1

Farooqi et al (2007)

Question 2

Leptin modulates neural activation in striatal regions to diminish perception of food reward and enhance response to satiety signals

Answer 2

Farooqi et al (2007)

Question 3

Leptin therapy reverses obesity related to congenital leptin deficiency; could be effective in combination with other therapies for other causes

Answer 3

Farr et al (2015)

Question 4

Oxytocin treatment decreases body weight in obese animals and humans by restoring acute (but not chronic) leptin response

Answer 4

Labyb et al (2018)

Question 5

FTO genotype is associated with body mass index after the age of seven years but not with energy intake or leisure-time physical activity

Answer 5

Hakanen et al (2009)

Question 6

The obesity-associated FTO gene encodes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid demethylase

Answer 6

Gerken et al (2007)

Question 7

Overexpression of Fto = decrease in food intake and increase in Stat3 mRNA

Answer 7

Tung et al (2010)

Question 8

Adult onset global loss of the fto gene alters body composition and metabolism in the mouse; not seen with regional deletion in mediobasal hypothalamus

Answer 8

McMurray et al (2013)

Question 9

Specific deletion in FTO in the CNS = similar phenotype to whole-body deletion; mutants have lower IGF1

Answer 9

Gao et al (2010)

Question 10

Melanocortin-4 receptor agonist causes reduction in hunger and substantial weight loss

Answer 10

Kuhnen et al (2016)

Question 11

Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity; largest effect in carriers of MC4R mutation

Answer 11

Turcot et al (2018)

Question 12

Quantitative mass spectrometry for human melanocortin peptides in vitro and in vivo suggests prominent roles for β-MSH and desacetyl α-MSH in energy homeostasis

Answer 12

Kirwan et al (2018)

Question 13

Identification of novel LEPR mutations in Pakistani families with morbid childhood obesity

Answer 13

Niazi et al (2018)

Question 14

A POMC variant implicates beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance

Answer 14

Lee et al (2016)

Question 15

Deletion disrupting βMSH and β-endorphin coding sequences in POMC associated with weight and apetite in labradors

Answer 15

Raffan et al (2016)

Question 16

Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein, overepxression causes obesity

Answer 16

Ollmann et al (1977)

Question 17

Codominant mutation of the MC4R gene leads to obesity

Answer 17

Farooqi et al (2003)

Question 18

MC4R deficiency = less hypertension and lower heart rate; increase in BP by MC4R agonist

Answer 18

Greenfield et al (2009)

Question 19

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates energy balance downstream of melanocortin-4 receptor

Answer 19

Xu et al (2003)

Question 20

De novo mutation affecting human TrkB associated with severe obesity and developmental delay

Answer 20

Yau et al (2004)

Question 21

Hyperphagia, severe obesity, impaired cognitive function, and hyperactivity associated with functional loss of one copy of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene

Answer 21

Gray et al (2006)