food insecurity, food and health

Question 1

high food security

Answer 1

no reported indications of food-access problems or limitations

Question 2

marginal food security

Answer 2

one or two reported indications (anxiety over food sufficiency and/or shortage of food in the house) little or no indication of changes in diet or food intake

Question 3

low food security

Answer 3

reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. little or no indication of reduced food intake

Question 4

very low food security

Answer 4

reports of multiple indication of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake

Question 5

household food security

Answer 5

USDA’s food and nutrition assistance programs increase food security by providing low-income households access to food for a healthful diet and nutrition education
- monitors effort through a national, representative survey

Question 6

USDA survey

Answer 6

national
- household food insecurity
- food expenditures
- use of federal food and nutrition assistance programs

Question 7

food insecure households

Answer 7

10.5% (13.7 million households - 35.2 million people); significantly down from 11.1% in 2018

Question 8

household characteristics

Answer 8

rates of food insecurity were higher than the national average for the following groups:
- all households with children
- households with children headed by a single parent
- women or men living along
- black and hispanic households
- households with incomes below 185 percent of the poverty threshold

Question 9

lowest prevalence of food insecurity

Answer 9

new hampshire

Question 10

highest prevalence of food insecurity

Answer 10

Mississippi and Louisiana

Question 11

food assistance programs

Answer 11

• SNAP
• national school lunch program
• special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC)
• office of head start
• food banks, food pantries
• meals from the heartland, feeding america food network

Question 12

food insecurity in college students

Answer 12

issue: food insecurity has negative effects on college students, including influencing their academic success and mental health
- material hardship, lower self confidence, difficulties focusing, lack of interest
- food insecurity experiences from a higher education and student affairs perspective
- conducted individual interviews with students

Question 13

findings from thematic analysis

Answer 13

• learning to work around hunger
  
  • skipping meals, snacking in place of full meals, intentionally going to bed early, cheaper meals, rationing meals, ignoring hunger
• managing anxieties around hunger
  
  • constant pre-occupation and worry about food availability and finances; depression, stress
• acknowledging that food insecurity is a shared and critical issue
  
  • students observed peers with similar struggles, institutions should do more

Question 14

implications for practice

Answer 14

• food insecurity is both a student issue and an institutional issue
• findings suggest that students could benefit from additional support to address food insecurity and related health concerns
• education should begin to address food insecurity issues affecting students and take specific actions to address the problem

Question 15

food and health

Answer 15

• if people are food insecure, higher risk of eating foods that are cheaper and not healthy
• unhealthy food consumption may result in heart disease, obesity, type II diabetes and hypertension
• the food industry is big and exceedingly concentrated
  
  • the ten largest food companies control more than half of all food sales

Question 16

raising livestock and growing crops

Answer 16

• mass demand for pork, chicken, and beef resulted in the use of genetics, hormones, and new feeding options
• thousands of animals in a confined space creates abundance of maure.
• increased use of antibiotics increasing the risk for antimicrobial resistance
• increased use of pesticides and herbicides puts the health of farmers at risk

Question 17

ultra-processed food

Answer 17

• the food industry is pushing ultra-processed food (60% of calories consumed)
• food scientists can research the optimal taste and tactile sensation
• availability of fast-food chains
• successful advertising
  -“pouring rights” a type of contract between a pop company and an institution that gives the company rights to sell their product on the premises

Question 18

the government and food health

Answer 18

legislation, discrediting researchers, front groups, partnerships, corporate responsibility campaigns, arguments big food makes