Food, Energy & Digestion Flashcards
Why do we need food?
-it gives us energy & heat
-it provides materials for growth
-it enables us to repair and replace body tissues
-it helps us to keep healthy and fight disease
Source and function of carbohydrate
-Bread potatoes
-energy source
Source and function of protein
-meat and fish
-growth and repair
Source and function of fats/lipids
-butter, avocado
-insulation/ energy store
Source and function of minerals and vitamins
-Fruit and veg
- keep body healthy & help release energy from our food
Source and function of fibre
-cereals, vegetables
-keeps gut healthy
Source and function of water
-water, soup, fruit
-needed for chemical reactions
What are the 3 macromolecules we require most in our diets
Carbohydrates, proteins & fats
Carbohydrates
-include sugars such as glucose + lactose
-they also include complex carbohydrates E.g cellulose, glycogen
-carbohydrates contain the chemical elements: carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
Sugar
-A single unit of sugar is monosaccharide, and two sugar molecules joined together is disaccharide.
-they are small, soluble molecules which taste sweet
-sugars provide a readily available, instant source of energy
- sometimes sugar molecules are linked together to form very long molecules called complex carbohydrates E.g starch, cellulose & glycogen
Starch
-any food derived from plants will contain a lot of starch e.g pasta, bread.
-starch is an important source of slow release energy in the diet as it is broken down into glucose during digestion
Protein
-Proteins are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur and phosphorus 
-Protein provides the building blocks for the growth and repair of cells but can also be used for energy when the reserves of carbohydrates and fats are low.
-Proteins are used in the body to make:
☺︎ structures of the body E.g hair, skin, muscle
☺︎ enzymes, hormones, antibodies
