Cells Flashcards
Cell membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
Liquid jelly where chemical reactions occur
Nucleus
-Controls cell activity
-contains genetic material- DNA
Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleus from cytoplasm
Chromosomes
A threadlike structure made of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Mitochondria
Releases energy through aerobic respiration
Cellulose cell wall
Supports and protects the cell
Permanent vacuole
-Contains cell sap
-help plants maintain shape
-provides cell turgour
Chloroplasts
-Contains green pigment chlorophyll
-absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Are plants living
Yes, they respire
Similarities between animal cells and plant cells
-both have a nucleus
-both have a cell membrane
Differences between animal cells and plant cells
-Animal cells have no cell wall and no chloroplasts
-plant cells have chloroplasts and a vacuole
Circular chromosome
DNA that controls cell activity. Circular and free in cytoplasm
Plasmids
Tiny circular sections of extra DNA
Flagellum
Whip like structure used to move/swim
Similarities between animal & pant cells and bacterial cells
-have cytoplasm
-have a cell membrane
Differences between animal & pant cells and bacterial cells
-animal & pant cells have a nucleus & mitochondria
-bacterial cells have plasmids, loose DNA and no nucleus
What is the role of the vacuole in plants
The vacuole holds water, so when a plant has no water it dries out and loses its shape
2 structures In bacterial cells that contain DNA
-plasmids
-circular chromosomes
Calculating magnifications
Magnification= size of image➗size of object
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of gas or dissolved molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
-diffusion is passive
Equilibrium
When equilibrium is reached there is no net movement of particles in a particular direction
How temperature effects the rate of diffusion
The higher the temp the more kinetic energy the particles have so the faster diffusion happens
How concentration gradient effects the rate of diffusion
The bigger the concentration difference the steeper the concentration gradient and the faster diffusion happens
How surface area effects the rate of diffusion
The larger the surface area the faster diffusion will happen
Diffusion is particularly important in gas exchange
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and living organisms
