food-drug interactions Flashcards
drugs are any chemicals that can affecct _ _
living processes
interactions between food and drugs range from _ to _
inconsequential to life-threatening
_ _ interactions include specific changes to the activity of a drug caused by a nutrient or nutrients, or changes to the kinetics of a nutrient cause by a drug
drug nutrient
important to recognize and anticipate food-drug interactions for:
clinical
economic
and legal reasons
polypharmacy
- Use of greater than or equal to 4 medications during a single time period
- Can potentiate the risk of food-drug interactions (amount)
pharmacology
- Study of drugs and their interactions with systems
- Drugs are administered to produce a pharmacologic effect in a specific target organ or tissue
- To achieve an effect, the drug must move from the administration site into the blood stream, and eventually, to the site of action
- Orally, injected, iv or suppository
- Eventually, the drug is eliminated from the body
- A food-drug or drug-nutrient interaction can occur at any point in the process
- Absorption, point of elimination, point of administration
pharmacodynamics
The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of a drug
- The mechanism of action of a drug may include:
- Binding of the drug molecule to a
- Receptor
- Enzyme
- Or ion channel
pharmacokinetics
The study of the time course of a drug in the body involving:
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism (biotransformation), and
- excretion of the drug
- The recommended dose of a drug typically assumes normal liver and kidney function
- Drug references often have sections dedicated to medications that require dosage adjustments based on altered kidney function.
- Medical staff and pharmacist should be more aware of the drugs being administered but dietitian may support
risk factors for drug-food interaction
- Polypharmacy – taking more or equal to 4 medications
- Nutrition status – existing malnutrition increased risk for drug-nutrient interactions
- Genetics
- Underlying illness
- Diet
- Nutrition supplements
- Herbal or phytonutrient product supplementation
- Alcohol intake
- Drug abuse
- Gut microbiome
- Allergies/intolerances
- Fillers used in drugs/food
chemo and radiation can exacerbate nutritional _
disturbances
E.g. cytotoxic agents commonly cause mouth sores, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia
many drugs have loss of _ as a side effect
appetite
_ cause by intestinal damage from cancer, celiac disease, IBD or surgical removal of intestinal tissue increases potential for food-drug interactions
malabsorption
_ _ drugs are not excreted when too many are being taken
fat soluble
in obese individuals, the proportion of _ tissue to lean body mass is _
- In obese individuals, the proportion of adipose tissue to lean body mass is increased.
Individuals at increased risk of drug-nutrient interactions:
- Those with poor diet
- Those with serious health problems
- Growing children
- pregnant women
- Older adults
- Patients using >2 medications at the same time
- Patients not following medication directions
- Patients on medication for a long period of time
- Those who drink alcohol or smoke excessively
