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BIOCHEMISTRY > Food Digestion > Flashcards

Food Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

is a process by which large complex organic molecules of food are disintegrated into small absorbable forms. Large molecules of diet are converted to small molecules by hydrolysis.

A

Digestion

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2
Q

present in the membrane of enterocytes are responsible for the absorption of most of the products of digestion except lipid and some monosaccharides.

A

Transporters (carriers) present in the membrane of enterocytes

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3
Q

pull over the pipe to prevent choking

A

epiglottis

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4
Q

An adult may consume how many carbohydrates per day

A

150-300 gram

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5
Q

carbohydrates are mainly starch and small amounts of

A

glycogen, dextrin, and inulin

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6
Q

found in saliva initiates carbohydrates digestion, requires chloride ion and has optimum ph of

A

salivary amylase, pH 5.8-7.0

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7
Q

It catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen and dextrin and converts them to maltose and oligosaccharides

A

salivary amylase

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8
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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9
Q

protein will breakdown to

A

amino acids

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10
Q

carbohydrates will breakdown to

A

simple sugars

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11
Q

fats will breakdown to

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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12
Q

6 essential nutrients our body needs daily

A

protein
fat
carbohydrates
vitamins
minerals
water

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13
Q

are due to excessive production of digestives fluids

A

peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer

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14
Q

Due to the absence of enzymes in the gastric juice, no digestion of carbohydrates occurs in the

A

in the stomach

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15
Q

4 parts of colon

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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16
Q

In the duodenum, pancreatic amylase acts on partly digested food. It is an endoglycosidase

A

a-amylase or amylopsin

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17
Q

continue the process of breakdown from the stomach, here pancreatic amylase on partly digested food.
- first segment of the the small intestine

A

duodenum

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18
Q

Products of starch or other polysaccharides digestion and dietary disaccharides are hydrolyzed by the enzymes present in the secretion of intestinal mucosal cells

A

in the small intestine

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19
Q

an acid secretion produced by glands in the duodenum wall that consist (3 chemicals water, mucus protein, and carbonate)
- intestinal juice

A

succus entericus

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20
Q

1 mono saccharide + 1 mono saccharide

A

simple diffusion

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21
Q

3 or more mono sacchride combine or absorb

A

facilitated diffusion

22
Q

lower segment of small intestine, responsible to absorbs the nutrients, then they will passed away the nutrients to blood venous system or blood stream

A

jejunum and ileum

23
Q

1 monosaccharide + 1monosaccharide absorbs or combine.
ex. mannose + xylose

A

simple diffusion

24
Q

3 or more monosaccharide combine or absorbs
ex. glucose + galactose + fructose

A

facilitated diffusion

25
Q

unable to utilize lactose, due to the deficiency of intestinal lactase. Symptoms abdominal cramps, diarrhea and flatulence

A

Lactose Intolerance or Lactase Deficiency

26
Q

It occurs in early childhood. It is an inherited deficiency of two disaccharides namely sucrase and isomaltase

A

Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency

27
Q

It is characterized by excretion of large amounts of disaccharide in urine

A

Disacchariduria

28
Q

Defective carbohydrate absorption

A

malabsorption

29
Q

It is an inherited disease. Absorption of glucose and galactose is slow due to defective carrier in the affected persons

A

Monosaccharide malabsorption

30
Q

energy storage

A

lipids

31
Q

grams per day an adult can consume fats

A

50-150grams per day

32
Q

Due to lack of favorable conditions like emulsification and PH, no digestion of lipid occurs in the

A

mouth

33
Q

In humans, initiation of fat digestion occurs in

A

In the stomach

34
Q

is the major site of lipid digestion due to the pancreatic lipase. It requires colipase and bile salts for its activity.

A

small intestine, to be specific jejunum

35
Q

a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion

A

chyme

36
Q

usually secreted by the pancreas and transferred to the duodenum to participate in the hydrolysis and digestion of fat, cholesterol esters, and fat-soluble vitamins

A

pancreatic lipase

37
Q

It is due to abnormal connection between urinary tract and lymphatics of small intestine
-characterized by excretion of milky urine.

A

Chyluria or chylous fistula

38
Q

In the affected persons milky pleural fluid accumulates in pleural space due to abnormal connection between pleural space of lungs and lymphatics of small intestine.

A

Chylothorax

39
Q

Lipid digestion and absorption is impaired in intra or extra hepatic cholestasis due to nonavailability of adequate amounts of bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol. In cholestatic patients, liquid crystal vesicles are formed instead of mixed micelles.

A

cholestasis

40
Q

It occurs in cholestatic patients due to malabsorption of lipids. EFAD during cholestasis itself can impair efficient lipid absorption and transport because proper biliary secretion of phospholipid is necessary for formation of mixed micelles and chylomicrons.

A

Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)

41
Q

normal adult intake of protein is

A

70-100grams per day

42
Q

due to lack of protein splitting enzymes, no digestion of protein takes place

A

in the mouth

43
Q

site where the digestion of the denatured proteins is initiated by pepsin present in gastric juice

A

in the stomach

44
Q

is an endo peptidase, hydrolyzes the peptide bonds present within protein or polypeptide chain

A

pepsin

45
Q

due to the absorption of oligopeptide, These peptides are toxic and cause inflammation and atrophy of intestinal mucosa in susceptible people. As a result, absorption is impaired in the small intestine.

A

non-tropical sprue

46
Q

It occurs in children due to absorption of oligopeptides derived from wheat gluten. Hence, it is same as that of non-tropical sprue of adults. Symptoms of these diseases disappear when gluten is excluded from diet.

A

celiac disease

47
Q

It is a genetic disorder. It is due to defective aromatic and hydrophobic amino acid carrier in the intestine. As a result, these amino acids are not absorbed. They are excreted in urine due to defective carrier in the kidney

A

hartnup disease

48
Q

is a process in which complex food material is broken down into simpler substances

A

digestion

49
Q

where digestion of food in takes place, it is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus

A

alimentary canal

50
Q

two glands that help in digestion

A

liver and pancreas

BIOCHEMISTRY (2 decks)

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