Food Choices Flashcards
What are some religious dietary laws and rules?
Judaism
Hinduism
Islam
Sikhism
Christianity
Buddhism
Rastafarianism
Judaism:
No shellfish or pork.
Only kosher meat
No dairy foods are eaten with meat in a meal
Hinduism:
No beef or beef products.
Many Hindus are vegetarian.
Islam:
No pork
Only halal meat can be eaten.
Sikhism:
No beef.
Many Sikhs are vegetarian or ovo-lacto vegetarian.
Christianity:
No particular dietary requirements.
Buddhism:
Vegetarian
Rastafarianism:
Vegetarian or vegan.
White fish sometimes eaten (but no shellfish)
What do vegetarians not eat?
What do ovo-lacto vegetarians eat?
What do lacto vegetarians eat?
How can a vegetaruan make sure they get all the necessary nutrients?
Why would someone become a vegetarian?
- Vegetarians don’t eat meat, poultry, fish, or products such as gelatin that have been obtained by killing animals.
- Ovo-lacto vegetarians eat eggs and dairy products (but only cheese made with vegetable rennet).
- Lacto vegetarians eat dairy products and honey, but not eggs.
- Vegans do not eat any food with an animal origin. To make sure that their diet is not deficient in certain nutrients (e.g. iron and vitamins D and B12, which are commonly found in animal products), vegans can get the necessary nutrients in their diet from a variety of sources including peas, beans, lentils, nuts and seeds. Soya and fortified products are also sources of protein.
- The reasons why people become vegetarian include: religious dietary laws; ethical reasons, e.g. meat and fish farming being wasteful of the Earth’s resources; moral reasons, e.g. animal cruelty; health reasons, e.g. allergies; because they come from a vegetarian family.
What is diabetes?
How is type 1 diabetes treated?
How is type 2 diabetes treated?
- Diabetes is a condition caused because the pancreas doesn’t produced tum uoy any, or enough, insulin to control the amount of sugar in the blood.
- Type 1 diabetes is often diagnosed in childhood and is not associated with excess body weight. - It is treated with insulin injections or using an insulin pump.
It can’t be controlled without taking insulin. - Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed in over 40-year-olds and is often associated with excess body weight, high blood pressure and/or cholesterol levels at diagnosis:
It is treated initially with medication/with tablets. It is sometimes possible to come off diabetes medication.
90% of people with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes, which is best treated with a healthy diet and increased physical activity.
What are some traditional British foods?
**British food makes use of ingredients produced in the local area.
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* British cheeses originate from different parts of the country, e.g. Cheddar (Somerset), Wensleydale (Yorkshire); Red Leicester, Double Gloucester
* Each cheese has its own distinctive colour, flavour and texture w no and is made using ingredients from its region of origin.
* There are lots of regional dishes, including Cornish pasties, Lancashire hot pots, Melton Mowbray pies, Eccles cakes, fish and stulp chips and suet-based puddings such as Sussex Pond Pudding.
* Regional dishes normally have historic links. For example, Cornish pasties were eaten by tin miners working underground. The crimped edge was the handle for dirty hands so that the rest of the pastry could be eaten quickly and without mess.
What is coeliac disease and what is in gluten free products that make them gluten free?
What is a lactose intolerance?
What is a nut allergy?
- Coeliac disease is a condition where people have an adverse reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and also oats, which contain a similar substance to gluten. Xanthan gum is added to gluten-free flour in order to make the product elastic and stretchy, which can be reduced by the absence of gluten. Coeliacs cannot absorb nutrients if they eat gluten. This causes severe pain and can lead to anaemia and malnutrition.
- Lactose intolerance is caused when the body is unable to digest lactose (a sugar found in milk and dairy products). Lactose intolerance causes stomach upset.
- An allergy to nuts can cause anaphylaxis, a reaction that can be fatal. People with severe allergies carry an epi-pen in case of an attack. Food products must be labelled if they contain nuts. People with a nut allergy have to check that food does not include nuts as an ingredient and that food has been produced in a nut-free environment.
What some modern British foods?
- We now live in a country that is multicultural and people travel to holiday destinations worldwide and are exposed to the cuisines of many other countries. Cheaper air travel prices mean that these countries are more easily accessible to a greater number of people than ever before.
- Supermarkets and specialist shops provide a vast range of ingredients, such as herbs, spices, fruit and vegetables from global cuisines. Because of influences from other countries, meals in the UK now contain a wide variety of foods.
- Recipes have been adapted to meet our tastes, e.g. Chicken Tikka Massala (a rich, flavoursome chicken dish without chilli) was invented in the UK but is probably based on Bangladeshi cuisine.
SPAINISH CUISINE:
What are tapas?
What is paella?
- Tapas consist of a wide variety of appetisers or snacks served on small plates and chosen from a menu list.
Tapas may be cold, e.g. mixed olives or tortilla (a potato omelette) or hot, e.g. chopitos (battered and fried baby squid), garlic prawns (gambas pil pil) and patatas bravas (cubes of potato in a spicy tomato sauce). - Paella is widely served in restaurants and is traditionally eaten by large groups of people in the street during fiesta times.
Paella is based on rice from Valencia (a region of Spain) and cooked in a wide flat pan with a mixture of locally sourced foods such as seafood, meat, vegetables and spices, e.g. saffron.
JAPANESE CUISINE:
Why is fish used a lot in this cuisine?
What does a typical Japanese meal consist of?
What is sashimi?
What is sushi?
- Japanese cuisine as most of the population live near a coastline.
Other seafoods such as seaweed are also important in the Japanese diet as it is rich in protein and has a flavour that many people love. - As well as rice, udon noodles are an important ingredient. A typical Japanese meal consists of a bowl of rice (gohan), a bowl of miso soup (miso shiru), pickled vegetables (tsukemono) and fish or meat.
- Sashimi consists of thin slices of raw fish pH cooked or other seafood served with spicy Japanese horseradish (wasabi) and soy sauce (shoyu).
- Sushi consists of seafood, vegetables and egg served on vinegared rice.
What are the five senses used when tasting food and what do these sense help us do?
There are five senses that are used to taste food and drink. A combination of these senses helps you decide if you like a food.
Taste: the tongue can detect five basic tastes: bitter, sweet, salt, umami - a savoury taste, acid/sour
Sight: food’s appearance influences how much we want to eat it.
Smell: the aroma of food reaches the nose before it reaches the mouth and is tasted.
Touch: what food feels like in the mouth (texture).
Hearing: what food sounds like, e.g. sizzling.
- The senses help to develop personal food preferences (likes/ dislikes) and evaluate foods, either through preference or discrimination tests.
- A range of accurate sensory words should be used when describing food. These usually come under the headings of: appearance, flavour, texture and aroma.
How do you carry out a controlled sensory analysis?
Here are the stages in carrying out a controlled sensory analysis:
* Invite people to be your testers in the sensory analysis.
* Find a quiet area to work.
* Give each tester a cup of water to cleanse their palate between each sample.
* Provide small samples of food with clean spoons or forks for each sample. Provide a sheet to record results for each tester.
* Foods should be identified using codes or symbols so that tasters are not influenced by brand names.
* Food products should be tested carefully and results recorded accurately.
What is the paired preference test?
Testers are asked to taste two similar products. They are then asked which product they prefer.
What is the triangle testing?
- Three samples are tested but two are the same.
- The aim is to find out if the tester can pick out which sample is different, e.g. a sauce made with 15% fat or 5% fat.
- This test helps to work out whether a ‘healthier’ product can be developed without losing taste.
What is the ranking test?
- People are asked to taste several products and award scores to decide on the order of preference (best to worst).
- All the samples should be coded.
What is the rating test?
- People are asked to say how much they like or dislike a sensory characteristic of a product.
- This is called a rating.
- They use a hedonic scale to award a number (using a list provided), or they can indicate which symbol they think is best (most useful for young children).
- Sensory characteristics include sweetness, flavour, colour, texture.
What are sensory profiles?
The results of sensory tests are often displayed visually using charts and sensory profiles, such as the star profile/radar diagram below.
