Food availability and selection Flashcards
What is a staple food
Readily available to most population and provide the major source of energy in the diet
Who is rice a staple food for
Asia
Who is fish a staple food for
Pacific islands and Japan
Who is corn a staple food for
South America
What did the Chinese migration introduce to Australia
Woks and stirfrys & bok choy and bean sprouts
What did America introduce to Australia and when
1960 KFC, maccas, Pizza Hut
How did Aboriginals hunt and gather food
Firestick farming, boomerang, burning grasses, coating branches in wattle gum to glue bird to tree
What is fire stick farming
Regular burning of limited areas to increase availability of grass to fed the animals they hunted
Examples of animals sources Aboriginals hunted
Shellfish, clams, lizards, honey ants, snakes, emus, witchetty grubs, bogong moths, kangaroos, possums
Examples of plant sources Aboriginals gathered
yams, bush onion, bush tomato, wild fig, bush oranges, pigweed, bunya nuts, pandunas nuts
What manufacturing process did colonial settlers use
grinding of wheat, salting of pork (1700’s). Then machines powered by manual labour (1800’s)
Technology has made it possible too…
- Preserve food for longer
- Maintain constant food supply
- Eat a season of foods
- Eat foods produced in other countries
- Have endless variety
Shops before vs after 1930’s
Before - Only small stores specialising in only a few items e.g butcher, bakery
After - Supermarkets with a variety of products
What are some modern technologies in the marketplace
- Electronic scanning devices e.g barcodes
- Open 24/7
- Online shopping
- People pay with credit card or watch
What are smart farms
When farmers implement technologies such as timers, remote sensing, drip irrigation, precision, gene manipulation (biotechnology)
What are future producers
Technological advances that decrease human labour. E.g LED lights which produce specific wavelengths to grow plants indoors which increase productivity of the land
What is hydroponic tech
Where food can be grown using nutrient rich water solution instead of soil. Growing in popularity.
What are the foods of tomorrow
The foods that we will eat in the future that don’t exist yet. Researchers experimenting with plant and animals ingredients, processed foods and packaging to change appearance, flavour and nutritional value.
What is affluence
Having a great deal of money
What is absolute poverty
Condition where income is insufficient to afford basic necessities e.g food, shelter, clothing
What is relative poverty
When household income is a certain percentage below median incomes
What is the poverty cycle
Little education and money > undernutrition > little resistance > Illness and disease > unable to work > Little education and money
What is the economy
The production, distribution and consumption of all goods and services so that it can satisfy the needs of the population
What is substance economy
AKA Subsistence agriculture, largely based on agricultural activity and natural events e.g rain to irrigate crops
What is cash cropping
A crop produced for commercial value rather than use of the grower
What does World Trade Organisation (WTO) do
Enforces general rules regarding volume and reduction of amount of trade protection in world trade
What is taxation
Individuals and companies having to pay tax of processed and manufactured products (GST)
What is a tariff
A tax added on to the price of imported goods to protect Australian businesses
What is an embargo
An official ban on trade or other commercial activity with another country e.g Australia banned exporting live cattle to Indonesia due to the brutal slaughter they were recieving
What is a subsidy
A sum of money granted by the state to help a business keep the price of service low
What are export strategies
Exporting goods to other countries to increase economy and import goods Aus doesn’t have enough of. Australians main exports are wheat, beef and wool
How did war affect food availability
- Trade between nations stopped during war
- Physical destruction to crops and livestock
- Rationing of products in WW2
- Farmers killed
Physiological factors affecting food selection
Hunger, appetite, satiety, nutritional requirements (e.g age and gender), reactions to food (e.g smell, taste)
Psychological factors affecting food selection
Values, Beliefs, Habits, Attitudes, Emotions, Self Concept, Experiences
Social factors affecting food selection
Traditions and culture, lifestyle (e.g employment, household structures), peers, family, media
Economic Factors affecting food selection
Cost of food, the marketplace, available Resources (e.g. time and skill), occupation and finances
