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Biology > Food and Nutrition Y8 > Flashcards

Food and Nutrition Y8 Flashcards

1
Q

Diet

A

What you eat

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2
Q

Nutrient

A

Substance in the diet to provide raw materials for your body e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water

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3
Q

Claim

A

A statement that is supposed to be true

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4
Q

Carbohydrate

A

A nutrient that is used as the main source of energy

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5
Q

Constipation

A

When the intestines get blocked

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6
Q

Fat

A

A nutrient that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also acts as a thermal insulator

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7
Q

Fibre

A

A substance found in food that is not used up by the body. It helps keep our intestines clean

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8
Q

Lipid

A

Fats (and oils) are a part of a large group of similar substances called lipids

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9
Q

Mineral (Biology)

A

An element that is a nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium). Minerals are found in foods and soils as compounds called mineral salts

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10
Q

Mineral Salt (Biology)

A

A compound containing an important element that is needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium). Plants get their mineral salts from the soil, animals get them from food

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11
Q

Nutrition

A

The substances that help organisms respire and grow. All organisms need nutrition

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12
Q

Oil (biology)

A

A liquid fat

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13
Q

Protein

A

A nutrient used for growth and repair

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14
Q

Raw material

A

A substance used to make other substances

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15
Q

Starch

A

A type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants

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16
Q

Sugar

A

A type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of sugar

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17
Q

Vitamin

A

A nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. Vitamin C)

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18
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that contains a store of chemical or nuclear energy that can easily be transferred

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19
Q

Kilojoule (kJ)

A

A unit for measuring energy. There are 1000 joules (J) in 1 kilojoule (kJ)

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20
Q

Respiration

A

A process in which energy is released so it can be used by an organism. All organisms respire

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21
Q

Transfer

A

When energy moves from one place to another

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22
Q

Anaemia

A

A deficiency disease caused by a lack of iron. Causes tiredness and shortness of breath

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23
Q

Balanced diet

A

Eating a wide variety of foods to provide all the things the body needs

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24
Q

Deficiency Disease

A

A disease caused by a lack of a nutrient

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25
Q

Heart Disease

A

A disease caused by narrowing of the arteries carrying blood to the muscles of the heart, so the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen

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26
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

A deficiency disease caused by lack of protein

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27
Q

Malnutrition

A

A problem caused by having too much or too little of a nutrient in the diet. Obesity, Starvation and Deficiency Diseases are all examples

28
Q

Night Blindness

A

A deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin A. A person with the disease cannot see very well in dim light

29
Q

Obesity

A

being very overweight

30
Q

Reference Intake (RI)

A

The amount of a nutrient that people are advised to eat in a day

31
Q

Rickets

A

A deficiency disease caused by lack of calcium (or lack of vitamin D). It causes weak and poorly shaped bones

32
Q

Scurvy

A

A deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C. Joints hurt, the gums bleed and cuts take a very long time to heal.

33
Q

Starvation

A

A form of malnutrition in which people lack many nutrients

34
Q

Absorb

A

‘To soak up’ or ‘To take in’

35
Q

Anus

A

The opening at the end of the gut.

36
Q

Bacterium

A

A type of prokaryote microorganism. Plural is bacteria

37
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, without itself being used up

38
Q

Digestion

A

A process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies

39
Q

Digestive Juice

A

A liquid containing enzymes that break down food

40
Q

Digestion System

A

An organ system that breaks down food

41
Q

Egestion

A

When faeces are pushed out of the anus

42
Q

Elimination

A

Another term for ‘egestion’

43
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance that can speed up some processes in living things (e.g. breaking down food molecules)

44
Q

Faeces

A

Waste food material produced by the intestines

45
Q

Food Pipe

A

A non-scientific term for the oesophagus

46
Q

Gullet

A

Another term for ‘oesophagus’

47
Q

Gut

A

The organs that form the tube running from the mouth to the anus

48
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking substances into the body. For example, we ingest food using our mouths

49
Q

Insoluble

A

Describes a substance that cannot be dissolved in a certain liquid

50
Q

Large Intestine

A

An organ in which water is removed from undigested food

51
Q

Liver

A

An organ used to make and destroy substances in your body. It also stores some substances

52
Q

Microorganisms

A

An organism too small to be seen with the naked eye

53
Q

Oesophagus

A

The muscular tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach. Also called the ‘gullet’

54
Q

Rectum

A

An organ that stores faeces before they are egested

55
Q

Saliva

A

A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar

56
Q

Salivary Gland

A

Found in the mouth. It makes saliva

57
Q

Small Intestine

A

An organ in which most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion are absorbed into the body here

58
Q

Soluble

A

Describes a substance that can dissolve in a certain liquid

59
Q

Stomach

A

An organ containing strong acid that mixes food up and digests proteins

60
Q

Surface Area

A

The total area of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional object

61
Q

Diffusion

A

When particles spread and mix with each other without anything moving them

62
Q

Microvillus

A

A fold on the surface of a villus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is microvilli

63
Q

Model

A

A way of showing or representing something that helps you to think about it or to find about it

64
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid part of the blood

65
Q

Villus

A

A small finger-like part of the small intestine. These increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is villi

Biology (2 decks)

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