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Biology > Food and Nutrition Y8 > Flashcards

Food and Nutrition Y8 Flashcards

1
Q

Diet

A

What you eat

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2
Q

Nutrient

A

Substance in the diet to provide raw materials for your body e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water

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3
Q

Claim

A

A statement that is supposed to be true

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4
Q

Carbohydrate

A

A nutrient that is used as the main source of energy

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5
Q

Constipation

A

When the intestines get blocked

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6
Q

Fat

A

A nutrient that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also acts as a thermal insulator

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7
Q

Fibre

A

A substance found in food that is not used up by the body. It helps keep our intestines clean

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8
Q

Lipid

A

Fats (and oils) are a part of a large group of similar substances called lipids

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9
Q

Mineral (Biology)

A

An element that is a nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium). Minerals are found in foods and soils as compounds called mineral salts

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10
Q

Mineral Salt (Biology)

A

A compound containing an important element that is needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium). Plants get their mineral salts from the soil, animals get them from food

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11
Q

Nutrition

A

The substances that help organisms respire and grow. All organisms need nutrition

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12
Q

Oil (biology)

A

A liquid fat

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13
Q

Protein

A

A nutrient used for growth and repair

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14
Q

Raw material

A

A substance used to make other substances

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15
Q

Starch

A

A type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants

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16
Q

Sugar

A

A type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of sugar

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17
Q

Vitamin

A

A nutrient needed in small quantities for health (e.g. Vitamin C)

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18
Q

Fuel

A

A substance that contains a store of chemical or nuclear energy that can easily be transferred

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19
Q

Kilojoule (kJ)

A

A unit for measuring energy. There are 1000 joules (J) in 1 kilojoule (kJ)

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20
Q

Respiration

A

A process in which energy is released so it can be used by an organism. All organisms respire

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21
Q

Transfer

A

When energy moves from one place to another

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22
Q

Anaemia

A

A deficiency disease caused by a lack of iron. Causes tiredness and shortness of breath

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23
Q

Balanced diet

A

Eating a wide variety of foods to provide all the things the body needs

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24
Q

Deficiency Disease

A

A disease caused by a lack of a nutrient

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25
Heart Disease
A disease caused by narrowing of the arteries carrying blood to the muscles of the heart, so the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen
26
Kwashiorkor
A deficiency disease caused by lack of protein
27
Malnutrition
A problem caused by having too much or too little of a nutrient in the diet. Obesity, Starvation and Deficiency Diseases are all examples
28
Night Blindness
A deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin A. A person with the disease cannot see very well in dim light
29
Obesity
being very overweight
30
Reference Intake (RI)
The amount of a nutrient that people are advised to eat in a day
31
Rickets
A deficiency disease caused by lack of calcium (or lack of vitamin D). It causes weak and poorly shaped bones
32
Scurvy
A deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C. Joints hurt, the gums bleed and cuts take a very long time to heal.
33
Starvation
A form of malnutrition in which people lack many nutrients
34
Absorb
'To soak up' or 'To take in'
35
Anus
The opening at the end of the gut.
36
Bacterium
A type of prokaryote microorganism. Plural is bacteria
37
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, without itself being used up
38
Digestion
A process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies
39
Digestive Juice
A liquid containing enzymes that break down food
40
Digestion System
An organ system that breaks down food
41
Egestion
When faeces are pushed out of the anus
42
Elimination
Another term for 'egestion'
43
Enzyme
A substance that can speed up some processes in living things (e.g. breaking down food molecules)
44
Faeces
Waste food material produced by the intestines
45
Food Pipe
A non-scientific term for the oesophagus
46
Gullet
Another term for 'oesophagus'
47
Gut
The organs that form the tube running from the mouth to the anus
48
Ingestion
Taking substances into the body. For example, we ingest food using our mouths
49
Insoluble
Describes a substance that cannot be dissolved in a certain liquid
50
Large Intestine
An organ in which water is removed from undigested food
51
Liver
An organ used to make and destroy substances in your body. It also stores some substances
52
Microorganisms
An organism too small to be seen with the naked eye
53
Oesophagus
The muscular tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach. Also called the 'gullet'
54
Rectum
An organ that stores faeces before they are egested
55
Saliva
A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar
56
Salivary Gland
Found in the mouth. It makes saliva
57
Small Intestine
An organ in which most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion are absorbed into the body here
58
Soluble
Describes a substance that can dissolve in a certain liquid
59
Stomach
An organ containing strong acid that mixes food up and digests proteins
60
Surface Area
The total area of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional object
61
Diffusion
When particles spread and mix with each other without anything moving them
62
Microvillus
A fold on the surface of a villus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is microvilli
63
Model
A way of showing or representing something that helps you to think about it or to find about it
64
Plasma
The liquid part of the blood
65
Villus
A small finger-like part of the small intestine. These increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is villi

Biology (2 decks)

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