Food and Nutrition Flashcards
explain the difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
hypo = low hyper = high
what is the gylcemic index
scale that measures the time it takes for a food to spike BG levels after consumption. the lower the slower
what can cause hypoglycemia
- skipping meals
- excercise w/o food
- eating excessive fat and high GI foods
where is glucose made
in the liver
name 5 reasons to eat low GI foods
- reduces heart disease risk
- reduces insulin levels
- improved concentration
- increased serotonin
- steady energy levels
what is T1D
insulin dependent diabetes, affects mostly younger people, pancrease produces no/ little insulin, manual insulin needed.
what is T2D
non insulin or insulin dependent, body is unable to use or make insulin. insulin needed to convert sugar into energy if this doesn’t occur high BG levels occur.
how is T1D managed
insulin injections or pump therapy, can’t be cured, diet changes,
how is T2D managed
follow a balanced diet / diabetes medication/ insulin
how to prevent T2D
- healthy weight
- exercise
- regular meals
- low-gi foods
- fibre!!
what is coronary heart disease
disease of the blood vessels (Arteries) that supply the heart muscle.
name 3 uncontrollable factors surrounding CHD
- age
- gender
- family history
name 3 controllanble factors surroudning CHD
- high cholesterol
- hypetension
- diet
list 4 types of fats
trans fats, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated fats
what are trans fats
highly processed vegetable oils found in margarine, fried foods and commerical baked goods.
increases HD risk the most
what are monosaturated fats
best of all the fats as it raises HDL and lowers LDL
examples of monosaturated fats
avo, olive oil, peanuts, coconut
examples of saturated fats
meat, dairy, coconut, palm
what do saturated fats do
raise TBC the most, should be limited
what do polyunsaturated fats do
reduce LDL (positive) reduce HDL (negative)
what is cholesterol
soft waxy substance produced in the liver and bodys cells
which one is the bad cholesterol
LDL
which one is the good cholesterol
HDL
how can one manage high cholesterol
- get tested
- limit fat
less red meat, limit HF dairy, less oil in cooking, more fruit and veg