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Biology > Food And Nutrition > Flashcards

Food And Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is food needed for?

A
  • Energy
  • Growth of new cells
  • Repair of existing cells
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2
Q

What does food supply

A

The materials and energy for the processes for metabolism and continuity

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3
Q

What six elements is food made up of

A

C, H, O, N, P, S

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4
Q

Salts of

A

Nitrogen, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, calcium

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5
Q

What are the 3 trace elements in food?

A

Iron, copper, zinc

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6
Q

Elements combine in different ratios to form different food components or

A

Bio molecular units

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7
Q

Food is made up of 6 different components

A
  1. Protein
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Fats
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
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8
Q

Elements of carbohydrates

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

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9
Q

Formula for a carbohydrate

A

Cx(H20)y

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10
Q

There are how much more hydrogen molecules that oxygen molecules ?

A

Twice

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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12
Q

What’s is a monosaccharide?

A 
Single sugar molecules 
Simple sugars
Soluble in water 
Sweet to taste 
Smallest carbohydrate unit
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13
Q

Example of monosaccharide

A

Glucose and fructose

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14
Q

Where is glucose and fructose found in

A

Fruit

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15
Q

Explain disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharide units joined together
Soluble in water
Sweet to taste

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16
Q

What is a disaccharide known as

A

Double sugar molecules

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17
Q

Explain polysaccharides

A

Many monosaccharide sugar molecules joined together
Not soluble in water
Do not taste sweet

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18
Q

Example of a polysaccharides

A

Starch and cellulose

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19
Q

Starch and cellulose Is found in

A

Bread, pasta, cereal,

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20
Q

What are lipids

A

Diverse group of substances

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21
Q

Solid lipids at room temp are?

A

Fats

22
Q

Liquid lipids at room temp are

A

Oil

23
Q

Elements of lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

24
Q

Do lipids have the same ratio of carbohydrates?

A

No

25
Q

What molecules are lipids made from?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

26
Q

Types of lipids

A

Triglycerides and phospholipids

27
Q

What is a triglyceride made up of

A

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

28
Q

What is a phospholipid made from

A

2 fatty acids, glycerol and a phosphate

29
Q

Elements of proteins

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

30
Q

Proteins are found in

A

Lean meat, fish and eggs

31
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

Long chains of amino acids

32
Q

What are amino acids joined by

A

Peptide bonds

33
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Essential organic catalysts of metabolism

34
Q

How much vitamins are needed

A

Small amounts

35
Q

Can vitamins be produced in the body?

A

No

36
Q

How should vitamins be supplied?

A

Continuously and sufficient quantities

37
Q

Vitamins differ from each other how?

A

Chemically

38
Q

What vitamins do we need in our diet?

A

A, B, C, D, E, K

39
Q

Source of vitamin D

A

Sunlight, milk, milk produce

40
Q

What is the deficiency disease if a person is lacking vitamin D

A

Rickets

41
Q

In what amounts are minerals needed in ?

A

Small amounts

42
Q

What minerals do animals need?

A

Calcium, iron,

43
Q

Need for calcium in the body for Animals?

A

Healthy bone and teeth

44
Q

Need for iron in the body for animals?

A

For hemoglobin in blood

45
Q

What minerals do plants need

A

Calcium and magnesium

46
Q

Why do plants need magnesium in their diet

A

For chlorophyll (green pigment)

47
Q

Why do plants need calcium in their diet ?

A

For cell wall formation

48
Q

What is a metabolic role of a carbohydrate?

A

Short term energy eg .glucose
Respiration
Photosynthesis

49
Q

What is the metabolic role of lipids?

A

Long term energy source

50
Q

What is the structural role of carbohydrates?

A

Cellulose> plant cell walls

Chitin>fungus cell walls

51
Q

What is the structural role of lipids?

A

Phospholipids in cell membranes
Heat insulation - fat layer called adipose under skin
Protect our organs - kidneys

52
Q

Physical Importance of h2O

A

A) slow to heat up and cool down - helps maintain body temp @ 37degrees
B) helps control cell shape as it can move in and out of cells by osmosis

Biology (4 decks)

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