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Biology > Food and Digestion Year 9 > Flashcards

Food and Digestion Year 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a healthy diet contain?

A

The right balance of the different foods (carbs, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins minerals, fibre and water) that you need and the right amount of energy.

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2
Q

Vitamins and minerals are…

A

present in smaller amounts than other food groups and needed for healthy functioning of the body.

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3
Q

What does the body use to release energy?

A

Fats, carbs

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4
Q

What does the body use for growth and repair?

A

Protein

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5
Q

What does vitamin C do?

A

Keeps lining tissues healthy

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6
Q

What happens if someones deficient in vitamin C?

A

They can develop scurvy

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7
Q

What does Vitamin D do?

A

Aids calcium absorption

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8
Q

What happens if your deficient in Vitamin D?

A

They can develop rickets

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9
Q

Why is iron needed?

A

To make haemoglobin

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10
Q

What happens if your deficient in iron?

A

They can develop the deficiency anaemia

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11
Q

Why is fibre needed?

A

To aid peristalsis for a healthy gut

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12
Q

Why is water needed?

A

Component of cytoplasm
Makes up the plasma of blood
If cells become dehydrated chemical reactions can’t take place

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13
Q

What happens if a person diet isn’t balanced?

A

Malnourishment
Overweight
Underweight
Deficiency Disease

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14
Q

What is BMI?

A

A measure adults use to see if they are a healthy weight for their height. The ideal BMI for adults is 18.5 - 24.9

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15
Q

What can obesity raise the risk of?

A 
Arthritis 
Type 2 diabetes 
High BP 
Heart disease 
Cancer
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16
Q

What happens if someone eats less than their body needs?

A 
Lose mass 
Starvation which causes:
• Muscles to waste
• Periods to stop
• Prevents the immune system from working properly
17
Q

What is the metabolic rate?

A

The rate at which all the chemical reactions in the body are carried out

18
Q

How does the metabolic rate vary?

A

How active you are

Fat to muscle ratio

19
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

To break down food into smaller easily digestible parts

20
Q

What is the function of the salivary gland?

A

!3£2&3!3&2!3!

21
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus

A

Receives food from mouth
Uses muscle contractions called peristalsis
Delivers food to stomach

22
Q

Function of the stomach

A

Holds food while enzymes break it down

23
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

Process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

24
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Breaks down food using enzymes

25
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Makes enzymes

26
Q

Function of large intestine

A

Process waste

27
Q

Function of rectum

A

Received and stores waste

28
Q

Function of anus

A

Expels waste

29
Q

A model to describe digestion

A

Visking tube = gut
Visking tube contents = food in the gut
Fluid surrounding Visking tube = bloodstream

30
Q

Chemical test for carb

A

Iodine test

Red to blue / black

31
Q

Test for protein

A

Biuret test

Blue to violet

32
Q

Test for simple sugars

A

Benedicts test

Blue to orange

33
Q

Test for fats

A

Water and ethanol

Clear to milky

34
Q

Order of digestive cycle

A 
Mouth
Oesophagus 
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine 
Rectum 
Anus
35
Q

Molecules to big to be absorbed by the body

A

Fats
Proteins
Starch

36
Q

Molecules that can be absorbed by the body

A

Vitamins
Minerals
Some sugars

37
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts
Speed up rate of reactions
Work best at body temperature
Activity affected by pH

38
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

When large insoluble molecules are broken down in the gut by endings to form smaller molecules that can pass through the wall of the small intestine.

39
Q

What is physical digestion?

A

Chewing, churning by the muscle wall of the stomach and the emulsification of the fats with bile

Biology (5 decks)

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