Food and Digestion Year 9

Question 1

What does a healthy diet contain?

Answer 1

The right balance of the different foods (carbs, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins minerals, fibre and water) that you need and the right amount of energy.

Question 2

Vitamins and minerals are…

Answer 2

present in smaller amounts than other food groups and needed for healthy functioning of the body.

Question 3

What does the body use to release energy?

Answer 3

Fats, carbs

Question 4

What does the body use for growth and repair?

Answer 4

Protein

Question 5

What does vitamin C do?

Answer 5

Keeps lining tissues healthy

Question 6

What happens if someones deficient in vitamin C?

Answer 6

They can develop scurvy

Question 7

What does Vitamin D do?

Answer 7

Aids calcium absorption

Question 8

What happens if your deficient in Vitamin D?

Answer 8

They can develop rickets

Question 9

Why is iron needed?

Answer 9

To make haemoglobin

Question 10

What happens if your deficient in iron?

Answer 10

They can develop the deficiency anaemia

Question 11

Why is fibre needed?

Answer 11

To aid peristalsis for a healthy gut

Question 12

Why is water needed?

Answer 12

Component of cytoplasm
Makes up the plasma of blood
If cells become dehydrated chemical reactions can’t take place

Question 13

What happens if a person diet isn’t balanced?

Answer 13

Malnourishment
Overweight
Underweight
Deficiency Disease

Question 14

What is BMI?

Answer 14

A measure adults use to see if they are a healthy weight for their height. The ideal BMI for adults is 18.5 - 24.9

Question 15

What can obesity raise the risk of?

Answer 15

Arthritis 
Type 2 diabetes 
High BP 
Heart disease 
Cancer

Question 16

What happens if someone eats less than their body needs?

Answer 16

Lose mass 
Starvation which causes:
• Muscles to waste
• Periods to stop
• Prevents the immune system from working properly

Question 17

What is the metabolic rate?

Answer 17

The rate at which all the chemical reactions in the body are carried out

Question 18

How does the metabolic rate vary?

Answer 18

How active you are

Fat to muscle ratio

Question 19

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 19

To break down food into smaller easily digestible parts

Question 20

What is the function of the salivary gland?

Answer 20

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Question 21

What is the function of the oesophagus

Answer 21

Receives food from mouth
Uses muscle contractions called peristalsis
Delivers food to stomach

Question 22

Function of the stomach

Answer 22

Holds food while enzymes break it down

Question 23

What is the function of the liver

Answer 23

Process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

Question 24

Function of small intestine

Answer 24

Breaks down food using enzymes

Question 25

Function of pancreas

Answer 25

Makes enzymes

Question 26

Function of large intestine

Answer 26

Process waste

Question 27

Function of rectum

Answer 27

Received and stores waste

Question 28

Function of anus

Answer 28

Expels waste

Question 29

A model to describe digestion

Answer 29

Visking tube = gut Visking tube contents = food in the gut Fluid surrounding Visking tube = bloodstream

Question 30

Chemical test for carb

Answer 30

Iodine test | Red to blue / black

Question 31

Test for protein

Answer 31

Biuret test | Blue to violet

Question 32

Test for simple sugars

Answer 32

Benedicts test | Blue to orange

Question 33

Test for fats

Answer 33

Water and ethanol | Clear to milky

Question 34

Order of digestive cycle

Answer 34

``` Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus ```

Question 35

Molecules to big to be absorbed by the body

Answer 35

Fats Proteins Starch

Question 36

Molecules that can be absorbed by the body

Answer 36

Vitamins Minerals Some sugars

Question 37

What are enzymes?

Answer 37

Biological catalysts Speed up rate of reactions Work best at body temperature Activity affected by pH

Question 38

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 38

When large insoluble molecules are broken down in the gut by endings to form smaller molecules that can pass through the wall of the small intestine.

Question 39

What is physical digestion?

Answer 39

Chewing, churning by the muscle wall of the stomach and the emulsification of the fats with bile