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S2 Biology > Food and digestion > Flashcards

Food and digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the nutrients we require from our food.

A

Carbohydrates, Fibre, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

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2
Q

Why should we eat a variety of foods?

A

Different foods contain different amounts of each nutrient and foods may not contain all nutrients.

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3
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet contains the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.

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4
Q

What do Carbohydrates supply us with?

A

energy

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5
Q

What carbohydrate gives us fast releasing energy

A

sugars

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6
Q

What carbohydrates give us slow releasing energy

A

starches

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7
Q

What does fibre do?

A

Fibre helps our digestive system by adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract

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8
Q

What does protein do?

A

Proteins help us to grow and help us to repair body tissues

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9
Q

What do fats do?

A

Fats provide us with energy that can be stored. Fats help to provide insulation

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10
Q

What do vitamins and minerals do?

A

Vitamins and minerals help to prevent certain diseases

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11
Q

What do we need water?

A

Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps to transport materials around our body.

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12
Q

What occurs when the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.

A

Malnutrition

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13
Q

What is a deficiency disease?

A

a deficiency disease is caused by a lack of a particular nutrient in the diet.

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14
Q

Scurvy is caused by

A

Lack of vitamin C

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15
Q

Kwashiorkor is caused by

A

Lack of protein

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16
Q

Anaemia is caused by

A

Lack of iron

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17
Q

Rickets is caused by

A

Lack of vitamin D or Calcium

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18
Q

What may be caused caused by vitamin A deficiency?

A

night blindness

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19
Q

How do we know what nutrients foods contain?

A

Samples of food can be tested to see which of the different nutrients they contain.

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20
Q

How do we test a food for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine solution is used to test for starch.

21
Q

What is the colour change we notice when testing for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine changes colour from reddish-brown to blue-black.

22
Q

How do we test a food for reducing sugars.

A

Benedict’s solution is used to test for reducing sugars.

23
Q

What happens to Benedict’s solution in the presence of reducing sugars?

A

In the presence of a reducing sugar Benedict’s solution changes colour from blue to orange.

24
Q

What do we use to test a food for protein.

A

Biuret’s solution is used to test for protein.

25
Q

Describe a positive test for protein.

A

In the presence of protein Biuret’s solution changes colour from blue to violet.

26
Q

What subunits are complex carbohydrates made from?

A

Complex carbohydrates (such as starch) are made up of many small units called sugar molecules (glucose).

27
Q

What subunits are proteins made from?

A

Proteins are made up of many small units called amino acids.

28
Q

What subunits are fats made from?

A

Fats are made up of subunits called fatty acids and glycerol.

29
Q

What do we use to mechanically breakdown food in our mouth?

A

Humans use their teeth to bite and chew food, mechanically breaking the large pieces down into smaller ones.

30
Q

Which teeth are used for ripping and tearing food?

A

Canines for ripping and tearing

31
Q

Which teeth are used for cutting and slicing food?

A

Incisors for cutting and slicing

32
Q

Which teeth are used for chewing and grinding food?

A

pre-molars and molars for chewing and grinding.

33
Q

Describe the process of digestion.

A

Digestion is the process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

34
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

the alimentary canal is a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus

35
Q

Which part of our digestive system has layers of muscles which cause contractions, mixing food with acid?

A

The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices.

36
Q

Where are products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream.

A

The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine.

37
Q

What makes the small intestine suitable for its role in digestion?

A

Its very long, highly folded with a large surface area for absorption. It also has many blood vessels.

38
Q

Which part of our digestive system absorbs water from undigested food?

A

The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material.

39
Q

What is the waste product of digestion known as (scientifically)?

A

Faeces

40
Q

What molecules are found in digestive juices and help speed up the porcess of digestion?

A

Digestive juices contain enzymes which are special protein molecules made in our cells that help to speed up chemical reactions.

41
Q

What is meant by enzyme specificity?

A

Each biological reaction has its own specific enzyme

42
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The substance an enzyme acts on is called its substrate

43
Q

What is a product of an enzyme reaction?

A

The substances produced during the reaction are called products

44
Q

Why can the enzyme be used again for another reaction?

A

The enzyme has not been changed which means that it can be used again

45
Q

What does the enzyme amalase break down?

A

Amylase speeds up the breakdown of starch into simple sugars.

46
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Amylase is produced by cells in the salivary glands and in the pancreas.

47
Q

What does the enzyme protease break down?

A

Protease speeds up the breakdown of protein into amino acids.

48
Q

What does the enzyme lipase break down

A

Lipase speed up the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

S2 Biology (3 decks)

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