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Biology > Food and digestion > Flashcards

Food and digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different nutrients p?

A

a. carbohydrates
b. fibre
c. protein
d. fats
e. vitamins
f. minerals
g. water

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2
Q

What do foods contain differently

A

Different foods contain different amounts of each nutrient and foods may not
contain all nutrients.

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3
Q

What does a balanced diet contain?

A

A balanced diet contains the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients.

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4
Q

What does carbohydrates do?

A

Carbohydrates supply us with energy.

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5
Q

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

A

Sugars and starches

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6
Q

What are sugars?

A

Fast releasing energy

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7
Q

What are starches?

A

Slow releasing energy

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8
Q

What is fibre

A

Fibre is also a carbohydrate but is not able to be digested.

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9
Q

What does fibre do?

A

Fibre helps our digestive system by adding bulk to our food and aiding its movement along our digestive tract

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10
Q

What does protein do?

A

Proteins help us to grow and help us to repair body tissues

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11
Q

What do fats provide us with?

A

Fats provide us with energy that can be stored

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12
Q

What do fats help provide?

A

Fats help to provide insulation

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13
Q

What do vitamins and minerals help?

A

Vitamins and minerals help to prevent certain diseases

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14
Q

What is water needed for?

A

Water is needed for chemical reactions and helps to transport materials around our body

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15
Q

When does malnutrition occur?

A

Malnutrition occurs when the diet does not supply us with the correct amount of each of the seven nutrients

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16
Q

What is a deficiency disease cause by?

A

A deficiency disease is caused by a lack of a particular nutrient in the diet

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17
Q

What is night blindness?

A

Know that night blindness is caused by vitamin A deficiency.

18
Q

How do you fund out what nutrients food contains?

A

Samples of food can be tested to see which of the different nutrients they contain.

19
Q

How do you test a food if it’s solid?

A

If the food is solid (e.g. an apple), it must be ground up in water and then filtered to make a solution for testing

20
Q

What is used to test for starch

A

Iodine solution

21
Q

What is the colour change if starch is present?

A

In the presence of starch iodine changes colour from reddish-brown to blue-
black

22
Q

What is used to test for reducing sugars?

A

Benedict’s solution is used to test for reducing sugars

23
Q

What must happen to the Benedictus solution for the test to work successfully

A

The Benedict’s solution and sample must be heated during the test.

24
Q

If reducing sugar is present was does Benedictus solution change from?

A

In the presence of a reducing sugar Benedict’s solution changes colour from blue to orange.

25
Q

What is used to test for protein?

A

Biuret’s solunion

26
Q

In the presence of protein what colours do biurets solution change to and from?

A

Blue to violet

27
Q

What are complex carbohydrates made up from?

A

Complex carbohydrates (such as starch) are made up of many small units called sugar molecules (glucose

28
Q

What are proteins made up by?

A

Proteins are made up of many small units called amino acids.

29
Q

What are fats made up from?

A

Fats are made up of subunits called fatty acids and glycerol

30
Q

What do humans use their teeth for?

A

Humans use their teeth to bite and chew food, mechanically breaking the
large pieces down into smaller ones.

31
Q

What are canines used for?

A

Ripping and tearing

32
Q

What are incisors used for?

A

Cutting and slicing

33
Q

What are premolars and molars used for?

A

Chewing and grinding

34
Q

What is digestion?

A

Digestion is the process by which large insoluble molecules are broken down chemically into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

35
Q

What is the digestive system made up of?

A

The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal, a long muscular tube running from the mouth to the anus.

36
Q

Gat does the stomach have?

A

The stomach has layers of muscle that contract and relax and cause it to churn the food. This mixes the food with many digestive juices.

37
Q

What happens to the products of digestion?

A

The products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine

38
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

The small intestine is very long and its inner wall is highly folded presenting a large surface area for absorption

39
Q

What does the small intestine have?

A

The small intestine also has many blood vessels into which the products of digestion pass so that they can be taken around the body to all cells.

40
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining undigested food material.

41
Q

What is unwatered waste called?

A

Faeces

Biology (3 decks)

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