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Geography - Basics > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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1
Q

Food distribution

A

2 billion dont have a balanced diet (malnourished) (predominantly Africa)
1 billion are malnourished

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2
Q

Water distribution / factors

A

Areas with more water often have a higher HDI (Canada is no 1 with 95000m3 per head) (Niger is 173 with 350m3 per head)

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3
Q

Energy importance

A

Needed for economic development
As areas become industrialised energy usage increases

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4
Q

What is a resource

A

A stock / supply of something which has a purpose or value
Most important resources are food and water + energy

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5
Q

Where does Uk get food / why

A

50% from imports
Cheaper growth in LICs means lower cost
Demand for exotic goods that cant be grown in UK
Demand for seasonal produce

Uk climate cannot grow many foods

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6
Q

What are food miles

A

The distance between where food is made and where it is eaten.
Typically used to show how food contributes to the greenhouse effect

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7
Q

How much co2 is produced per km when planes and boats transport food

A

Planes - 500g (per tonne carried + km)
Ships - 10-50g (per tonne carried + km)

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8
Q

How can greenhouses have a higher carbon footprint than importing goods

A

Greenhouses are used to grow crops like tomatoes at any time of year

They have a high carbon footprint in production, and trap a lot of heat which can be damaging

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9
Q

How much of the uks water is wasted

A

20%

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10
Q

Why is there water inequality across the uk

A

Areas in the northwest have a water surplus due to heavy rainfall (low demand high rainfall)

In the south east there is a water deficit, due to higher demand and lower rainfall

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11
Q

What is water supply

A

How much water we have

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12
Q

What is water demand

A

How much water is needed

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13
Q

How can water be saved (small scale)

A

Using water meters
Using recycled water
Using more efficient appliances

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14
Q

How is water quality managed

A

Water is often purified using chlorine and filtered to remove any sediment
Water quality is also maintained by restricting recreational use of water bodies (e.g lakes)

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15
Q

What is the uks man source of freshwater from

A

Rivers, and groundwater aquifers

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16
Q

How has groundwater deteriorated

A

Leeching from underwater mines has altered the quality
Run off from fertilisers damages water quality
Water is used for cooling in stations and then released into rivers

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17
Q

What are the uks main source of energy

A

Coal
Gas
Oil
Nuclear

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18
Q

Why is the uk running out of energy

A

75% (in 2020) came from non-renewable resources, such as natural gases

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19
Q

What is fracking

A

A method of harvesting natural gases
It is very expensive and can cause mini earthquakes.
It can also result in mini oil spills

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20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy

A

A:
Construction supplies jobs
Cleaner than fossil fuels

D:
Very expensive (costs more than £18 bil)
Radiation can leak and damage environment

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21
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of wind farms

A

A:
Attracts visitors
Local energy bill are lower
Reduces emissions

D:
High construction costs
Impact on landscape (reduces land value)
Noise from turbines is disruptive

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22
Q

What are the main reasons for inequalities in global resources

A

Access - Countries with more natural resources will benefit

Quantity - The more of a natural resource a country has the more they can do with it

Wealth - Depends how easily a country can deal w shortages

Technology / information - Inability to deliver the resources to the population results in inequality

Standards if living - Higher this is the more energy / food / resources the population expects, so more will be spent on them

Diet - Food a countey has depends on what people typically eat

23
Q

What is energy security

A

Tye ability to meet energy requirement demands

24
Q

What is the energy mix

A

Proportions of energy used

25
Q

How does poor water supply effect social wellbeing

A

Increased dehydration
Effects farmers and farmland, so less food for the population
Poor hygine as there is no clean water for showering (could result in faster spread of diseases such as chloera)

26
Q

What is a famine

A

A widespread serious shortage of food which can lead to starvation or death

27
Q

What is food security

A

When people have access to sufficient nutritious food, that lets them maintain a healthy balanced diet.

28
Q

What is food insecurity

A

Being without a reliable access to a sufficient quantity of food

29
Q

What is undernutrition

A

When people do not consume enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth

30
Q

How does climate effect food security

A

Determines what food can be grown
Extreme climates will struggle to consistently grow food

Climate change is increasing global temps making it harder to grow crops

Droughts make it harder to grow food

31
Q

How does Technology affect food security

A

Poor use of tech like irrigation can lead to waterlogging and salinisation (destroys crops)

Can improve the harvesting of crops (speed up process) (using combine harvesters)

Create foods that are resistant to pests an disease / greater yield / more nutritious (genetic engineering)

LICs often cant affoard the tech so have lower food production

32
Q

How do pests and disease affect food security

A

They damage crops and reduce yield
Animal pests like mice and rats eat crops
Animals also carry diseases

HICs combat these issues by giving animals medicines or using pesticides / insecticides
Very expensive

33
Q

Why are more pest animals going north

A

Rising temp due to climate change

34
Q

How does war / conflict affect food security

A

Leads to destruction of fields and crops / livestock
Can lead to famine
Many farmers have to stop working and fight
Supply lines are cut off (imports and exports)
Crops are often burnt

35
Q

How does water stress affect food security

A

Areas lacking in water become drier - soil is easier to blow away (nutrients blown away)
Crops need water to grow
Poor quality water damages plant growth
Floods contaminate field s (increasing water stress)

Irrigation systems are being used to try and deliver water

36
Q

How does poverty affect food security

A

People living with little money cant afford to buy food (in poverty)

People in poverty are susceptible to disease and ill health
Cant improve their situation

37
Q

Impacts of famine / undernutrition on food security

A

2week long famine in somalia caused 260,000 deaths

800 million suffered from undernutrition between 2012 and 2014

Famines result in starvation due to a lack of food

Undernutrition affects peoples abilty to worj and function

38
Q

Impacts of soil erosion on food security

A

Soil erosion is caused by:
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Cultivation of land (loss of fertility)
Land misuse

Crops can no longer be grown efficiently and may not contain necessary nutrients leading to undernutrition

39
Q

Impacts of rising prices on food security

A

Increasing food prices make it unavailable for many. (Leads to undernutrition)
Between 2004 and 2015 the price of rice rose by 92% (main food source for a lot of asia)

Spending more money on food would lead to less money being available for healthcare or other services

40
Q

How can social unrest (e.g riots) lead to food insecurity

A

People may riot due to increasing food prices
This rioting could also cause food prices to increase further

41
Q

How does irrigation increase food supply

A

Used to water areas where there are often water shortages
Pipelines transport water ensuring that plant grow properly

42
Q

How do Aeroponics and Hydroponics increase food supply

A

Aeroponics:
Plants sprayed with water mist containing plant nutrients
Excess water can be collected and reused
In Vietnam aeroponics are used to make disease resistant potatoes

Hydroponics:
Plants grown in mineral rich water and a medium such as mineral wool
Saves 50% of water compared to traditional farming
Plant growth can occur throughout all seasons

43
Q

How does ‘The new green revolution’ help improve food supply

A

It focuses on sustainability
Using machines chemicals and new strains of crops to improve production

In the ‘second’ indian green Revolution the focused on methods which allowed them to conserve water

44
Q

How does biotechnology help improve food supply

A

Genetically modified crops can have greater disease resistance and yield
(Possible health effects).

Maize (Philippines) was genetically engineered to have a 25% increase in crop yield

45
Q

How does Appropriate technology help improve food supplied

A

Using materials / skills that are readily available
Involves small scale water harvesting, irrigation and farming techniques
Most appropriate for poorer countries

Technique is less beneficial for crop yield

46
Q

What is sustainable food

A

Food that is

Fair
Accessible
Healthy
Low waste
Ecologically responsible

47
Q

What are current challenges with sustainability

A

Growing population (10 bil by 2050 - hard to support)
Soils are losing fertility
Space for farmland is decreasing
Climate change is affecting patterns of food production
Global meat consumption is rising

48
Q

What is organic food / farming

A

A sustainable strategy of growing crops / animals without the use of chemicals

Predominantly used natural predators to control pests
Biodiversity is encouraged through natural planting at field edges
Crop rotation is used to lower disease
Produces less co2

49
Q

What is permaculture

A

Permanent agriculture
Uses less resources
Encourages growing food at home (garden)
Eating local indigenous crops
Limited waste

50
Q

What is urban farming

A

Having farms closer / in cities
Reduces food miles
Results in fresher food
Brings new jobs to city areas
Increases biodiversity in cities

E.g
Urban bee keeping, vertical farming, greenhouses on rooftops

Growing underground produces salad crops in abandoned tunnels using hydroponics (beneath london)

51
Q

What is sustainable fishing

A

Method of fishing to ensure fish populations can survive / recover

Follows practices of indigenous cultures
(Prohibited fishing areas e.g reefs)

Areas where fishing is prohibited
Fishing seasonally
Only catching specific fish

Normal fishing damages natural areas + nets kill / trap many animals including dolphins

52
Q

What is sustainable meat

A

Raising animals in pastures rather than intensive factories

Better animal conditions
Natural diet (opposed to soy animal feed (causes deforestation)
All parts of the animal are used in food

Lower carbon emissions

53
Q

What is seasonal food

A

Fruit and vegetables.
Local foods made by local farmers

Sustainable due to low food miles, and natural growth

Farmers markets ensure food is locally sourced

54
Q

Reduction of waste - making food more sustainable

A

To stop food waste (250,000 tonnes thrown away by supermarkets)

Rethinking use by and sell by dates
Planning meals (avoids overspending and food waste)
Composting domestic food where possible

Geography - Basics (6 decks)

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