FoM:L3 - RNA processing and translation Flashcards

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1
Q

How is mRNA processed in Eukaryotes?

A
  • addition of 5’ cap
  • addition of a poly A tail
  • splicing of introns
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2
Q

Outline the 5’ cap in mRNA processing

A
  • 5’ end capped
  • adding methylated G
  • distinguish mRNAs from other RNAs
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3
Q

Outline the addition of a poly A tail in mRNA processing

A
  • 3’ end polyadenylated
  • string of A nucleotides
  • signal is coded in DNA
  • proteins bind to poly A tails to stabilise
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4
Q

Outline splicing in mRNA processing

A
  • introns removed from primary RNA
  • consensus sequences define exon-intron boundaries/splice sites
  • splicosome (proteins and non-coding RNAs)
  • removed through formation of a lariat
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5
Q

What are alternative promoters?

A

alternative exon 1 or alternative internal promoters

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6
Q

What is alternative splicing?

A
  • splicing of exons in anything other than a sequential manner
  • different protein isoforms
  • regulated by RNA biding proteins
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7
Q

What is RNA export?

A
  • through nuclear pores, highly selective
  • needs to be mature/fully processed
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