FOM anki flashcards week 1

1
Q

What is the anatomical term for the front of the body?

A

Anterior

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2
Q

What is the anatomical term for the back of the body?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

What is the anatomical term for the head region?

A

Cranial

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4
Q

What is the anatomical term for the tail region?

A

Caudal

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5
Q

What is the anatomical term for the middle of the body?

A

Medial

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6
Q

What is the anatomical term for away from the midline of the body?

A

Lateral

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7
Q

What is the term for a structure closer to the surface of the body?

A

Superficial

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8
Q

What is the term for a structure further from the surface of the body?

A

Deep

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9
Q

What is the smallest structural unit of life?

A

The cell

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10
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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11
Q

What organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

Which organelle is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell?

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

What structure within the nucleus is responsible for producing ribosomes?

A

Nucleolus

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14
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

Transporting and processing proteins and lipids

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16
Q

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

A

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.

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17
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Packaging and distributing proteins and lipids

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18
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Breaking down waste materials and cellular debris

19
Q

What are the four types of tissue in the body?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

20
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is composed of a single layer of flat cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

21
Q

What type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

22
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

To transmit electrical signals throughout the body

23
Q

What does the term ‘homeostasis’ refer to?

A

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body

24
Q

What is the anatomical position of the body?

A

Standing upright, feet together, arms at the sides, with palms facing forward

25
Q

What is the term for a plane that divides the body into left and right sections?

A

Sagittal plane

26
Q

What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

27
Q

What plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?

A

Transverse plane

28
Q

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

A

To support, bind, and protect organs

29
Q

What is the role of adipose tissue?

A

To store energy and provide insulation and cushioning

30
Q

What is the matrix in connective tissue?

A

The extracellular material that supports and surrounds the cells

31
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact and spongy bone tissue

32
Q

What is the function of red bone marrow?

A

To produce blood cells

33
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

To transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body

34
Q

What is the main organ of the respiratory system?

A

The lungs

35
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

A

To facilitate the expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing

36
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

The nephron

37
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

A

To break down food and absorb nutrients

38
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

To produce bile and process nutrients

39
Q

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

A

To produce digestive enzymes and regulate blood sugar levels

40
Q

What is the main function of the immune system?

A

To protect the body against pathogens and foreign substances

41
Q

What is the largest organ of the integumentary system?

A

The skin

42
Q

What is the primary function of the skin?

A

To act as a barrier and regulate temperature

43
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis