FOM anki flashcards week 1
What is the anatomical term for the front of the body?
Anterior
What is the anatomical term for the back of the body?
Posterior
What is the anatomical term for the head region?
Cranial
What is the anatomical term for the tail region?
Caudal
What is the anatomical term for the middle of the body?
Medial
What is the anatomical term for away from the midline of the body?
Lateral
What is the term for a structure closer to the surface of the body?
Superficial
What is the term for a structure further from the surface of the body?
Deep
What is the smallest structural unit of life?
The cell
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell?
Nucleus
What structure within the nucleus is responsible for producing ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Transporting and processing proteins and lipids
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Packaging and distributing proteins and lipids
What is the function of lysosomes?
Breaking down waste materials and cellular debris
What are the four types of tissue in the body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
What type of epithelial tissue is composed of a single layer of flat cells?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?
Cardiac muscle tissue
What is the function of nervous tissue?
To transmit electrical signals throughout the body
What does the term ‘homeostasis’ refer to?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body
What is the anatomical position of the body?
Standing upright, feet together, arms at the sides, with palms facing forward
What is the term for a plane that divides the body into left and right sections?
Sagittal plane
What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
Frontal (coronal) plane
What plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?
Transverse plane
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
To support, bind, and protect organs
What is the role of adipose tissue?
To store energy and provide insulation and cushioning
What is the matrix in connective tissue?
The extracellular material that supports and surrounds the cells
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact and spongy bone tissue
What is the function of red bone marrow?
To produce blood cells
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
To transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body
What is the main organ of the respiratory system?
The lungs
What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?
To facilitate the expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
To produce bile and process nutrients
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and regulate blood sugar levels
What is the main function of the immune system?
To protect the body against pathogens and foreign substances
What is the largest organ of the integumentary system?
The skin
What is the primary function of the skin?
To act as a barrier and regulate temperature
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
