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Reproductive Physiology > Folliculogenesis & Oogenesis > Flashcards

Folliculogenesis & Oogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

When do oogenesis and folliculogenesis start? when are final stages

A

Starts at sexual differentiation and final stages in adult life during follicular phase of ovarian cycle

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2
Q

Where does oogenesis begin?

A

in fetal ovary when primordial germ cell enter gonad and become oogoniaa

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3
Q

What is difference between male female egg formation

A

in female, all of the primary oocytes formed b4 burned. in fetal development

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4
Q

What are the fates of a primordial follicle. When does first recruitment happen

A
  1. remain quiescent
  2. Resume development
  3. undergo atresia

First recruitment at puberty. and in female come at steady trickle

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5
Q

Name three phases of follicular genesis

A
  1. Preantral
  2. Antral
  3. Preovulatory
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6
Q

What type of follicule is selected for ovulation.

A

The tertiary follicle which. and the dominant one is probably the biggest due to more R

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7
Q

What creates zone Pullucida

A

the oocyte secretes glycoproteins to create thin translucent layer. =ZP

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8
Q

What blocks communication with oocyte and granulose cells? How do granulose cells overcome this

A

the ZP blocks communication. Cytoplasm britches (Gap junctions) allow for communication

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9
Q

How do thecal sells develop from prenatal to antral

How do granulose cells develop

A

theca interna- inner glandular, highly vascular

Externa - fibrous capsule layer

granulosa - continue proliferation to increase follicular size

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10
Q

What make up follicular fluid ? What secretes fluid? what stage of folliculogensis

A

Granulose cells proliferate and secrete follicular fluid in the pre antral to antral phase,

Made of: mucopolysaccharides and serum (ions) = droplets

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11
Q

Corona Radiata (cumulus). what is it connected to

A

forms around the ZP during prenatal to antral phase. it’s like derived from the “mural” granulosa cells.

anchors (cumulus) from mural granulosa to corona radiata which is around ZP

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12
Q

Draw antral phase

A

Go

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13
Q

Why do you have PREANTRAL development previous to puberty

A

There is no required input from gonadotropins / ovarian hormones to initiate primordial follicular development follicular.

This is still before puberty so since it will remain in preantral, they will gounder atresia b4 puberty

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14
Q

When / why do a human/rat need gonadotropin support in follicular growth

A

Need it to develop the fluid filled antrum and go from pre antral to antral phase. Humans- when antral follicle is greater than 2mm (tertiary). Rat- Late in preantral

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15
Q

What does atresia involve. How do we know atresia is occurring ?

A
  • Reduced protein synthetic activity
  • accumulation of lipid droplets
  • pyknotic nuclei
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16
Q

Pyknotic nuclei

A

(atresia) nucleus shrinks and chromatin condense to solid structureless mass

17
Q

How do follicles prevent atresia

A

FSH LH Receptors appear in late preantral/ antral phase.

FSH sufficient ; LH = antral expansion

Therefore gonadotrophins stimulate antral growth in prenatal follicles

18
Q

Explain the two-cell theory.

A

LH stimulated interna theca cells recruit cholesterol or acetate and produce androgen(T)

Androgen converted by FSH stimulated granulosa cells.

19
Q

Explain intrafollicular hormones in antral phase

A

FSH+androgens stimulate proliferation of granulosa cells = follicular growth

Also increase aromatase activity in granulosa cells

estrogen has positive feedback to stimulate granulosa proliferation

20
Q

How does follicle induce estrogen surge ? What does it provide for?

A

the positive feedback of estrogen from granulosa cells to initiate even more estrogen production/ granulosa proliferation provides estrogen surge for most advanced follicle

21
Q

What role does LH play in pre ovulation phase?

A

FSH+Estrogen increased LH R on granulosa cells . this is required bc inhibin will soon decrease FSH. without LH surge, = atresia

22
Q

What produces in inhibin

A

Granulosa cells which have negative feedback on FSH

23
Q

Define Deviation

A

The follicle with the largest #LH/FSH R and therefore most amount of granulosa cells will be selected as dominant follicle as it has the most chance at responding to lower levels of FSH due to increased Estrogen from granulosa cells

24
Q

LH Surge affects follicles in two ways

A
  1. causes oocyte + Follicle changes resulting in oocyte expulsion
  2. follicle becomes CL
25
Q

What happens after LH surge in preovulatory phase

A
  • breakdown of dictyate
  • arrested meiotic prophase ended
  • oocyte completes meiosis I producing secondary oocyte & polar body.
26
Q

What secretes OMI , what is MPF. what is function of OMI. How does LH surge mediate this relationship

A

cumulus cell secrete Oocyte maturation inhibitor which inhibits activation of maturation promoting factor .

LH surge destroys gas junctions between cumulus and oocyte which lower concentration of OMI

27
Q

When is first and second arrest of meiotic division.

A

1st: prophase , meiosis I

2nd: puberty= ability to have LH surge= pre ovulation when oocyte cut from cumulus via LH
. then freeze at meiosis II, metaphase

28
Q

What protein causes second arrest

A

Cytostatic factor

29
Q

What happens during resumption of meiosis I ? What is pathway to resuming Meiosis I

A

`broken cumulus/granulosa tether via LH.

golgi apparatus synthesizes lysosomal-like granules that migrate to surface = cortical granules

centrioles lost as pachytene

pathway: LH surge destroy connection of cumulus > no more OMI secretion> activation of MPF

30
Q

If an oocyte is shed from its follicle prematurely, or
removed surgically before completion of cytoplasmic
maturation, then its fertilizability is much reduced

A

which migrate towards the surface of the oocyte and assume a subcortical position as cortical granul Golgi apparatus synthesizes lysosomal-like granules,

31
Q

Role of progestin

A
  1. Depresses growth of less mature follicles
  2. essential for ovulation
  3. it promotes transition of progestagenic phase of ovarian cycle -
32
Q

Formation of corpus luteum (luteinization). also, what is secreted from CL

A
  • Derived from reputed follicle
  • fibrin core collapsed
  • fibrosis
  • membrana propria between granulosa and thecal break down = provide vasculature

granulosa and interna theca contribute to CL , some stroma

Estrogen+Progestrerone+inhibin A + oxytocin secreted from CL

33
Q

What is fate of granulosa cells in CL

A

cease division and form lutein cells= mitochondria, SER, lipid, golgi, carotenoid, lutein

34
Q

causes production of PGF2alpha? Where is it secreted from? What phase it it secreted ?

A

oxytocin release from the CL induces PGF2alpha release from endometrium during late luteal phase. causes regression of CL

Reproductive Physiology (11 decks)

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