FOI Flashcards
What is the definition of human behavior?
Attempt to explain how and why humans function and the way they do it.
- ALSO Result of attempts to satisfy needs
What is motivation?
Reason one acts and behaves a certain way and lies at the heart of goals.
What are the levels of human needs according to Maslow?
- Physiological
- Safety
- Love and belonging
- Self esteem
- Self actualization
- Cognitive and aesthetic
What are the defense mechanisms?
DRDRFCPR
Denial
Repression
Displacement
Rationalization
Fantasy
Compensation
Projection
Reaction formation
What is the definition of anxiety?
- Feeling of nervousness, unease, or worry
- Fear of anything real or imagined
How can an instructor help their students to counter their anxieties?
Emphasize the benefits and pleasurable experiences of flying.
What are some abnormal reactions to stress?
PRESIM
Painstaking self control
Rapid changes in emotion
Extreme over-cooperation
Severe anger
Inappropriate laughter
Marked mood changes
What are the three basic elements of communication?
Source
Symbol
Receiver
What are the barriers to effective communication?
COIL
Confusion
Overuse of abstractions
Interference
Lack of common experience
Role playing, instructional communication, listening, questioning, and instructional enhancement are all ways that flight instructors can develop their ______.
Communication skills
What are the ways that an instructor can develop their communication skills?
LIQIR
Listening
Instructional communication
Questioning
Instructional enhancement
Role playing
What is the definition of learning?
Change in behavior as a result of experience
What are the four main theories of learning?
- Behaviorism
- Information Processing Theory
- Cognitive Theory
- Constructivism
All learning comes from the forming of _____.
Perceptions
Learning happens best when a person uses one or more of all of their _________.
Senses
What are the factors that affect perceptions?
G STEP
Goals and values
Self concept
Time and opportunity
Element of threat
Physical organism
The grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes is called?
Insight
What are the three ways in which a student can acquire knowledge?
MUC
Memorization
Understanding
Concept learning
What are the principle laws of learning according to Thorndike?
REEPIR
Readiness
Exercise
Effect
Primacy
Intensity
Recency
What are the three domains of learning?
CAP
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
What are the four basic levels of learning in the cognitive domain?
RUACASE
Rote
Understanding
Application
Correlation
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
What are the five levels of the affective domain?
ARVOI
Awareness
Response
Value
Organizing
Integration
What are the four practical instructional levels of the psychomotor domain?
OIPH
Observation
Imitation
Practice
Habit
What are the basic characteristics of learning?
PEAM
Purposeful
Result of Experience
Active process
Multifaceted
What are the three stages of acquiring skill knowledge?
CAAr
Cognitive
Associative
Automatic response
What are the three types of practice?
Deliberate
Blocked
Random
A good scenario must ______.
HIC
Have a clear objective
Is tailored to the needs of the student
Capitalizes on the subtle differences of the local environment
What are the two types of errors?
Slips
Mistakes
What are some ways that you can reduce errors?
DRCULT
Developing routines
Raising awareness
Check for errors
Using reminders
Learning and practicing
Taking the time and don’t rush
What are the three types of memory?
Sensory
Short term
Long term
Why do students forget information?
RIFRS
Retrieval failure
Interference
Fading
Repression
Suppression
What are six ways that facilitate retention of learning or remembering?
MRLAMP
Meaningful
Recall
Learning
Favorable Attitudes
Mnemonics
Praise
What are two ways that learning is transferred?
Positive
Negative
Give an example positive and negative transfer.
Positive - slow flight transferring to short field landings
Negative - Landing an airplane vs. landing a helicopter
What is the definition of teaching?
To instruct or train
What are the four teaching skills that are essential to be an effective instructor?
PAMS
People skills
Assessment skills
Management skills
Subject matter expert
What are the two types of lesson objectives?
Performance based
Decision based
The traditional organization for a lesson consists of what steps?
A. Introduction
- Attention
- Motivation
- Overview
B. Development
- Past to present
- Known to unknown
- Simple to complex
- Frequently used to least used
C. Conclusion
List the training delivery methods.
LGECCDD
Lecture
Guided discussion
E-learning
Computer assisted learning
Cooperative/Group learning
Drill and practice
Demonstration/Performance method
What are the five steps of lectures?
IBFIT
Illustrated talk
Briefing
Formal
Informal
Teaching lecture
What are two advantages of the lecture method of instructing?
Many ideas in a short time
Suitable for explaining background info
What are two disadvantages of the lecture method of instructing?
Rate of retention
Doesn’t foster certain types of learning outcomes (ex: psychomotor skills)
List the steps in the guided discussion method of teaching?
IDC
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
What are the characteristics of an effective question when using the guided discussion method?
HICSRR
Has a specific purpose
Is clear in meaning
Contains a single idea
Stimulates thought
Requires definite answers
Relates to previously covered info
What are the three types of problem based learning?
SCC
Scenario based training
Collaborative problem solving method
Case study method
List at least three cons of the e-learning method of teaching?
Lack of peer interaction
Maintaining control of learning situation
Instructors and learners may lack sufficient experience with specific programs
List the steps in the demonstration performance method of teaching.
EDSIE
Explanation
Demonstration
Student performs
Instructor supervises
Evaluation
What are two benefits of the group learning method of instructing?
Better test scores
Improved social skills
Which law of learning does the drill and practice method of teaching reinforce?
Exercise
What are the guidelines for using instructional aids?
CGOS
Clearly establishes objective
Gather necessary data by researching support material
Organize material into an outline/lesson plan
Select the ideas to be supported with the instructional aids
What are some types of instructional aids?
Marker boards
Supplemental print material
Enhanced training material
Projected material
Video
Interactive series
Computer assisted learning
Why is effective assessment a vital component in the teaching and learning process?
PACH
Provides practical and specific feedback
Allow students to know progress
Contributes to development of ADM
Highlights areas that are incorrect/inadequate
What are the typical characteristics of an effective assessment?
FASTCOCO
Flexible
Acceptable
Specific
Thoughtful
Comprehensive
Objective
Constructive
Organized
What are the two broad categories of assessment?
Traditional
Authentic
Name the methods for the critiquing of a student’s performance.
SWISSI
Student lead
Written critique
Individual student critique by another student
Self critique
Small group
Instructor student critique
What is the most generic form of assessment used by instructors?
Oral
Regarding a written assessment, what are the characteristics of effective questions that instructors must consider?
ABCAP
Apply to the subject
Brief and concise
Center on one idea
Adaptive
Present a challenge
Effective oral assessment should never include what types of questions?
POTBIT
Puzzle
Oversized
Toss up
Bewilderment
Irrelevant questions
Trick questions
What are some helpful tips and ground rules of an effective critique?
Considers:
Good and bad
Individual parts
Relationships of the individual parts
Overall performance
Should be varied in content
What are some helpful tips when answering student questions?
Be sure you clearly understand the question
Display interest in the question
Frame an answer that’s direct and accurate
Determine whether or not the learner is satisfied with the answer
Don’t introduce considerations more complicated or advanced than necessary to completely answer a learner’s question at the current point in training
Admit when you don’t know the answer
