Focus Guide Test 1 Flashcards
Module 2-6
What is the definition of Psychology?
The study of the mind
What are the two main areas of focus in Psychology?
Behavior and Mental Processes
What two greeks words make up Psychology and what do they mean?
Psyche: Mind
Logos: Knowledge or study
Who is the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
Why is Wilhelm Wundt the father of psychology and not Sigmund Freud?
Because Wilhelm Wundt set up his lab first to study conscious experience
What is Structuralism?
the study of sensations and personal experience analyzed by their basic parts
THEY STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF BEHAVIOR, THOUGHTS, AND ACTIONS
Who founded functionalism?
William James
Who founded Structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is functionalism?
The study of the functions that cause us to change our behaviors
What is the focus of Structuralism?
Analyzing __________and breaking it down to ____ understand it
Analyzing mental processes and breaking it down to the basic points to understand it
HAVING PEOPLE TELL YOU WHAT THEY PERCIEVE ABOUT THEIR FEELINGS
What is the focus of functionalism?
Using …… to understand ……
Using observable behaviors and actions to understand the mind
DECIDING HOW SOMEONE FEELS BASED OFF WHAT YOU SEE
What is Cognitive behavorism?
Observing overt behavior and measuring that.
What is the focus of Cognitive Behaviorism
- How does our visable enviorment affect our visable actions
- How to use our visable enviorment to condition us
What is Gestalt Psychology?
The study of thinking, learning, and perception as a whole without worrying about the details
Gestalt Psychology Catchphrase
“The whole is greater than the sum of its part”
What is the focus of Gestalt pyschology?
Looking at the whole picture
who are Gestalt Psychologists?
Max Wertheimer
Herman Ebbinghaus
Name a functionalist psychologist
William James
Name a structuralist psychologist
Wilhelm Wundt
Who created Psychoanalytic Psychology
Sigmund Freud
What is psychoanalysis and who created it?
“The talking cure” Sigmund Freud
What is another name of Psychanalytical Psychology
The Psychodynamic Perspective
What is psychoanalytical psychology?
The study of the effects our ……. has on our …….
The study of the effects our subconscious has on our behaviors and mental processes
What is Humanism Psychology?
The study of the human experience, problems, potentials, and ideals
focus on what makes HUMANS human/ different from animals
Who are Humanist psychologists?
GLASS FALL EMPTY PSYCHOLOGY
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
What is a quote that is humanistic?
We are the masters of our ship
What is Positive Psychology?
GLASS HALF FULL PSYCHOLOGY
The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior
What is the difference between humanist psychology and positive psychology?
Humanistic: solving what’s wrong with us
Positive: how to see what’s right about us
Who is a positive psychologist?
Martin Seligman
Biopsychological view is connected to what school of psychology?
Structuralism
Evolutionary view is connected to what school of psychology
Functionalism
What is the sociocultural perspective?
That behavior is influenced by one’s social and cultural upbringing
Psychologist must have what level of degree?
Masters or doctorate
Do all psychologists do therapy?
No
Psychologist can work in what fields?
- research
- therapy
- education
- medicine
- business
- the enviorment
Can most psychologists perscribe medicine?
No
Psychatrists must have what level of degree?
DOCTOR OF MEDICINE (MD)
What do psychiatrists do?
perscribe medications, specialize in changing abnormal behavior
Psychoanalysts must have what level of degree?
MD or PHD
Psychologists also include what careers?
Counselors and Social Workers
What’s another career choice you can do with your degree in psychatry?
Psychoanalysts
Counselors must have what level of degree?
MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) or MASTER OF ART (MA)
What do counselors do?
Advice on issues
Social workers must have what level of degree?
MSW
What do psychology experiments determine that other methods cannot?
Casual relationship
If one variable directly causes change in the other variable
What do you call a variable that the experimenter sets and controls
Independent Variable
What is the result of the independent variable?
Dependent Variable
What are Extraneous Variables
Conditions that a researcher wants to prevent from affecting the outcome of the experiment
What is an experimental group?
The group of participants that get the independent variable
What is the control group?
the group of participants that dont get the independent variable
Name the nonexperimental Research Methods and describe them
- naturalistic observation - looking but not touching/ observing something in its natural state
- correlational method - looking at relationship between two variables (remember has coefficient between +1.0 and -1.0)
- clinical method/ case study - study rare events or with small specific groups
- survery method - get big group and ask questions
Can nonexperimental research methods be used as proof of cause?
No, but can provide insight to trend, relationship and where to look for cause
What is postive correlation and negative correlation?
Positive correlation:
increase in one varaible are matched by increase in other variable
Negative correlation:
Increase in our variable are matched by decreases in the other variable
Does correlation demonstrate causation?
NO
What structures make up the CNS
CNS= Central Nervous System
Brain and the spinal chord
What does the central nervous system do?
interprets incoming sensory information and then issues orders
The Boss
What structures make up the PNS
PNS: peripheral nervous system
Nerves that travel to and from the central nervous system
what does the peripheral nervous system do?
Reports sensory changes to the brain and spinal chord. Carries out order
Henchman
What is the sensory division?
Division of PNS that takes information to the CNS
What is the motor division?
Division of the PNS that sends messages to our muscle and glands to carry out orders from brain
What is the Autonomic Nervous System and what are the two divisions?
What do the two divisions do?
A subdivision of the motor division that allows the body to use reflexes. The two divisions are sympathetic: - fight or flight and parasympathetic: quiets body
What is a neuron?
An individual nerve cell
What are nerves?
Large bundles of axons
Myelin Sheath
layer of fat and protein that coats axon
What part of the neuron recieves messages from other neurons?
Dendrites
What is the name of the cell body in a Neuron?
Soma
What part of the neuron carries information away from the cell body?
Axon
Which part of the neuron are branches that link the dendrites and soma of other neurons?
Axon Terminals
What is the space between two neurons over which chemical messages pass?
Synapse
