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Foam > FOAM > Flashcards

FOAM Flashcards

1
Q

FOAM categories?

A
  1. LOW EXPANSION- Class B fires and spills /flammable and combustible liquids
  2. Hi-EX–Class A fires-combustible materials in ares INACCESIBLE –Cellar/shiphold (NOT suitable on outdoor flammable liquid fires.
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2
Q

Fire must be ____ extinguished or it will burn back across the surface as soon as the foam begins to break down

A

COMPLETELY

(long lasting control, long life of foam blanket )

  • foam can prevent ignition
  • foam applied to spills to minimize the release of vapors , preventing them from reaching explosive range
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3
Q

Low expansion foams?

A

Universal Gold - 1-3 % alcohol resistant( AR-AFFF)–flammable and combustible liquids

AFFF- oil burner fires

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4
Q

Can foam be mixed?

A

NEVER (can be used side by side, simultaneously , using 2 different appliances )

Note: HI EX foam CANNOT be used with low expansion fOAMS for flammable liquid fires.

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5
Q

Is PROTEIN FOAM used by FDNY?

A

NO, but may be encountered at bulk plants (not effective on gasohol or polar solvents

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6
Q

AFFF EXTINGUISHER …

A
  • lose strength over time
  • NOT aerated
  • breakdown around hot metal (especially pipes in boiler room)**as a precaution a foam hardline should be made ready)
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7
Q

FIMM (foam injection metering module) is carried by?

A

FOAM TANKERS and SATELLITE UNITS

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8
Q

AERATING FOAM PRODUCES MUCH LIGHTER, FINISHED FOAM…AERATING FOAM WHEN PRODUCING A 3% FINISHED FOAM BLANKET , BETTER FLASHBACK AND BURN BACK …..WHEN do we operate around Non-aerated?

A

OIL BURNER- where AFFF extinguisher with straight stream nozzle has been used to knock down fire

and

  • fire at an airport, PA uses AFFF (fast draining nature)
  • do not enter foam blanket until FDNY has applied AR-AFFF
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9
Q

FINISHED FOAM LIGHTER than the fuels they are placed on…4 primary methods of extinguishment?

A

SMOTHERS- prevents air from mixing with flammable vapors given off by liquid
Suppresses- stops or reduces the generation and release of flammable vapors
Separates- separates the flame from the surface of the fuel, which reduces the tendency of the fuel to boil, thus giving off few vapors
Cools- water content of the foam cools the fuel, further reducing vapor generation…also extinguishes burning CLASS A materials in the spill area and cools adjacent metal surfaces such as tank walls

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10
Q

AR-AFFF….

A

-for protective membrane between fuel and foam
-stable and heat -resistant, better burn back resistance
-freeze/thaw stable–frozen then thaw, NO performance loss
-DONT MIX
-can use SIDE BY SIDE
-either FRESH or SALT WATER
-properly stored –effective for 25 years
(3 )RED BANDED FIVE GALLON–ENGINES
(2) RED BANDED FIVE GALLON –LADDERS
FOAM TANKERS -1500 GALLONS (55 Gallon drums at 5 foam tanker locations) (5 gallon containers at foam depots )
Marine –330 gallons in both -343 and FF 2(boats)
Bravest –200 gallons
10-33’boats–25 gallons

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11
Q

AFF….

A
  • rapidly over suface.FASTER KNOCKDOWN
  • used through standard fog nozzle
  • POOR resistance to flashback and burn back (rapid drainage)
  • not suitable for Reformulated Gasoline, Gasohol or Polar solvent
  • EXCELLENT for fuel oil, kerosene and jet fuel
  • little fuel shedding ability
  • TROUBLE sealing against HOT METAL TANK SURFACES(ADDITIONAL cooling lines on tank exterior or higher app rates may be required)
  • wind , water spray and extended pre burn times affect blanket stability
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12
Q

FDNY use of AFFF is LIMITED TO???

A

AFFF 2 1/2” GALLON EXTINGUISHER –straight bore nozzle

small oil burner fires in oR out of pit.

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13
Q

Identification COLORS ??

A

AR-AFFF- RED

HI EX- YELLOW

AFFF- BLACK

*do not mix different types of concentrate or two different brands of the same type of concentrate

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14
Q

DEPT. may apply TWO different foams at incident (NOT MIX)..ROUTINELY done at?

A 
AIRCRAFT INCIDENTS (PA CRASH TRUCKS) AFFF- FOR FAST KNOCKDOWN AND EFFECTIVENESS ON JET FUEL
(do not enter foam blanket unless AR-AFFF is APPLIED)
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15
Q

DOES foam have adverse reaction with DRY CHEM?

A

NO –but high velocity stream of dry chem can disrupt foam blanket

-apply dry chem in combination with the foam stream….

discharge dry chem INTO FOAM STREAM–(3 DIMENSIONAL FIRE OR SPOT FIRES EDGE OF TANK)

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16
Q

EVERY ENGINE IS equipment with ?

A

FOAM NOZZLE and EDUCTOR –USED WITH 1 3/4” OR 2 1/2” LINE
HANDLINES good for GAS PUMP knocked over, oil burner with fire outside pit, car fire with ruptured gas tank small spill (600 sq ft)

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17
Q

FOAM TANKER…

A
  • self educating nozzles

- MEDIUM–spills over 600 sf ft , tanker truck , loading rack

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18
Q

Where would we use a Master Stream nozzle??

A
  • OIL TANK FARMS
  • SPILLS OVER 2,000 SQ FT
  • LARGE CAPACITY TANK TRUCK
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19
Q

ENGINES CARRY?

A

3- 5 GALLON CONTAINERS - AR-AFFF(RED BAND)

-125 GPM FOAM EDUCTOR AND AERATING NOZZLE

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20
Q

LADDERS CARRY?

A

2- 5 GALLON CONTAINERS-AR-AFFF (RED)
USED BY ENGINE COMPANIES
- 2 1/2” GALLON AFFF EXTINGUISHER

21
Q

First alarm assignment of 3 and 2 provide?

A

13- 5 gallon containers /total of 65 gallons
provides 17 minutes of finished firefighting foam at 3 percent setting /at 3% educator consumes 3.75 gallons foam concentrate per minute

22
Q

Foam tanker Apparatus…

A
  • carry NO WATER
  • 1500 gallons of AR-AFFF concentrate
  • pre connected DECK gun can provide 500, 750, 1,000 gpm of finished foam
  • 6 lengths of 1 3/4” to transfer FOAM CONCENTRATE
  • 10 lengths of 3 1/2” hose for water supply
  • 7500 CFM HI EX
  • 5- five gallon high ex
  • 5 -five gallon AR-AFFF
  • minimum 2 members ride/inclusive of Chauffeur
  • augment units in foam operation-supply concentrate to first alarm units
  • deck gun use
  • pump concentrate using portable FIMM to Satellite or Tanker
  • Relay concentrate from one foam tanker to another
23
Q

Foam Tanker GPM and Foam Time…1 percent/3 percent

A

1000 GPM nozzle/ 150 min/ 50 min
750 GPM nozzle/ 200/66 min
500 GPM nozzle/ 300/100 min

24
Q

T or F…Foam tanker does not need to be running or in pumps to operate DECK GUN……

A

TRUE…
HOWEVER….(TO PUMP CONCENTRATE…IN PUMPS)

ALSO

CAN PUMP CONCENTRATE AND DECK GUN SIMULTANEOUSLY

WATER SUPPLY TO TANKER AT 200 PSI (DEDICATED ENGINE COMPANY to supply this water)

-Prior to arrival of Foam Tanker- have 3 1/2” line stretched with enough hose in case of reposition

25
Q

SATELLITE UNITS (AUC 274)….

A
  • PORTABLE FIMM
  • 500 AND 1000 GPM AERATING FOAM NOZZLE (500 PLACE DIRECTLY ON 2 1/2” APPLIANCE, TOWER LADER)
  • 1000 GPM MODIFIED ANGUS FOAM CANNON USED ON SATELLITE MONITOR or adapted to TOWER LADDER
  • high ex 7500 cfm generator , educator, and plastic chute
  • 32 5 gallon containers of hi ex foam
  • 6” large diameter hose (5 inch in engine ops)
26
Q

Foam tender….(different from Foam Tanker)

A

-3000 gallons of concentrate
-3 separate 1000 gallon tanks- AR-AFFF
-resupply Foam Tanker
-concentrate to portable FIMM
200 GPM foam concentrate pump to pump concentrate to : operating FIMMS of Satellite/Foam Tanks or Foam Tankers supplying concentrate to portable FIMMS on a 2000 GPM pumper

27
Q

,Foam Coordinator…..

A
  • 10-86 and 87–2 foam coordinators
  • report to IC
  • select foam staging area/advise IC of foam needed
  • first to arrive foam coordinator shall request inventory through dispatcher
  • NOT used for routine Firefighter injuries
28
Q

Stretch a foam handling and put into operation if following is observed:

A
  • product on FIRE
  • FLAMMABLE LIQUID
  • Members operating in area
  • product will cause EXPOSURE PROBLEM
  • eliminate ignition sources
  • uphill and upwind

-eliminate all sources of ignition staring with the area downwind and downhill

29
Q

Fire in confined area: Tank , pits….

A
  • sufficient freeboard-direct stream against the side or back of burning area
  • top of container close to ground and little/no freeboard, direct stream at GROUND and BOUNCE FOAM
  • Imperative that ENOUGH FOAM IS ON SCENE BEFORE OPERATION IS STARTED
  • IF TANK IS FILLED TO TOP, bulk oil personnel can remove product via BOTTOM of tank…if planning to extinguishf fire, then ensure product level is within 5 feet of top of tank, if too much product is removed a large chimney will for or top of tank will curl…apply foam into Window, area of plume on upwind side of tank..flames aren’t as tall
30
Q

SPILLS…

A

-SPILL ignited-stretch foam handling and extinguish fire
13 gallons give you 600 square feet/17 minutes at 3 % setting-
2 landlines simultaneously will increase coverage but REDUCE operational time

31
Q

Spill contained , NOT flowing…

A

-direct foam stream on ground ahead of fire , bounce onto fire
-deflect stream against something allow foam to slide down
if ABOVE METHODS NOT POSSIBLE—-direct SKYWARD in SLOW BACK AND FORTH MOTION,

32
Q

SPILL FLOWING, not contained…

A
  • work against run of spill, directly or flanks…direct stream on ground ahead of fire, bounce
  • ditch , gutter or depression–foam blanket below the point of fire..thus burning liquid will flow underneath and be extinguished..utilize hole/ditch to collect burning liquid and cover with foam blanket
  • if product entered sewer- part of spill…if there are no exposure problems, may let it burn off..notify DEP
  • SOURCE of leak and shut it down, protection of line with FOG STREAM–if runoff will not interfere with blanket
33
Q

ENTRY INTO FOAM BLANKET LIMITED TO…

A
  • RESCUE Of trapped or injured victims

- when members move through foam, charged foam handline should be prepared to cover exposed area

34
Q

Tank Truck Incidents…

A

With Leak: If leak is near BOTTOM of tank and Product has specific gravity of LESS THAN 1 (ALMOST ALL FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS DO), it may be advisable to add water to tank, IF THERE IS ROOM AT THE TOP…WATER WILL SETTLE TO BOTTOM OF TANK AND PRODUCT WILL FLOAT ON TOP OF WATER..RESULTING IN WATER LEAK
-once spill is abated and LEAK stopped, decision made to off load tanker or let it proceed…ENGINE COMPANY MAY ESCORT WITHIN CITY LIMITS.

35
Q

TANK TRUCK ROLL OVER WITH LEAK…

A

-old style tank STEEL–split in shell REDUCED
-Aluminum tank MAY SPLIT
ROLLED OVER VEHICLE MUST BE OFF LOADED…NEVER attempt to UPRIGHT vehicle

36
Q

TANK TRUCK accident with –FIRE

A
  • BLEVE–OLDER STEEL TANKS
  • newer ALUMINUM–bleve reduced–shell will melt at 1220 degrees

If tank is still intact (steel/aluminum)get a LCS On VAPOR AREA AND TANK, in conjunction with FOAM HANDLINE

-after stretching initial foam handiness of this operation , have a separate pumper test and hook up to hydrant, this pumper will supply FOAM TANKER

37
Q

AIRPLANE INCIDENTS.

A
  • 2 Basic fuel–aviation gasoline and JET A…aviation gasoline much more volatile …important to know which fuel you are dealing with prior to operating
  • both AFFF(PAPD) AND AR-AFFF (FDNY) is compatible when used seaprately as FINISHED FIREFIGHTING FOAMS (not mixed together as concentrate )..applied separately and at the same time on the same fire
38
Q

ONE of the priorities of FDNY at airplane indigents on airport property is ?

A

SUPPLY WATER to PAPD CRASH TRUCKS
-if operations will involve members working in vapor area of airplane crash with fuel present , it is IMPERATIVE to apply AR-AFFF foam BLANKET over AFFF FOAM BLANKET, this will produce blanket superior in drainage rate, burn back resistance and flashback resistance

39
Q

airplane crash off PAPD property..

A

PAPD may or may not send crash trucks

40
Q

ALL OF NYC’s bulk oil storage facilities have FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

A

First consideration : SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH WHAT IS NEEDED..some need water, some need foam solution, some need foam concentrate
-6 inch hose should be considered and may have to be hand stretched
-fireboat for water supply is option
-important to get at least one TOWER LADDER as close to tank as possible
-do not start foam operation , until enough foam and related foam equipment is on site
-quick water applied to exposures/cool nearby tanks and piping
a tank FULL OF VAPORS IS MUST MORE DANGEROUS THAN TANK FULL OF PRODUCT
-ROUNDED ENDS indicate pressurized container, MUST BE COOLED

41
Q

FOAM STORAGE…

A
  • stacked no more than 2 containers high
  • shelf life (depending on manufacturer )
  • upon delivery of foam to foam depot, OFFICER should check for STAMPED DATE, if not date, use marker to affix date
  • use oldest foam concentrate for drill
42
Q

IMMEDIATELY AFTER INCIDENT ..

A

TAKE INVENTORY :

  • type and amount of concentrate used
  • amount of concentrate remaining in storage
  • type and amount of concentrate requested for replenishment

-THIS INVENTORY REPORT SHALL BE FAXED TO FIRST RESPONDING FOAM COORDINATOR

  • FILED UNITS wil obtain AR-AFFF from foam depots
  • AFFF requested through Fire Tools and equipment unit

all EDUCTORS OF ENGINE COMPANIES TESTED WEEKLY AT MUD
-all Engine companies housing FOAM TANKERS should drill monthly FIRST MUD OF MONTH

43
Q

Limitations of HI EX FOAM..

A
  • not used on alcohol or polar solvents
  • short drainage time (frequent re-applications)
  • relatively poor burn back resistance
  • freezing weather could have adverse affect on foam concentrate and finished foam blanket
44
Q

effectiveness on HI EX FOAM BLANKET depends on :

A
  • expansion ratio
  • eductor mixture setting
  • thickness of blanket
  • drainage time characteristics
45
Q

HI EX FOAM SYSTEM:

A
  • water supply line (short as possible) by placing pumper or manifold as close to operation as possible
  • only educator supplied with HI EX GENERATOR should b used
  • edcutor has 1” yellow band painted around the throat
  • each educator is designed to operate at pre determined amount of water flow
  • metering valve 1-6%, higher the setting , heavier body of foam
  • 60 gpm required
  • 200-220 psi at the inlet of the educator
46
Q

Foam chut applicator is plastic sleeve used to deliver HI EX foam …

A
  • chute should be 1 foot larger in diameter than mouth of generator, fits over generator scree and secured by metal band or rope
  • eliminate kinks or bends in chute as much as possible

CHUTE CANNOT BE PLACE TO DELIVER FOAM TO A LEVEL HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE GENERATOR (generator cannot overcome back pressure of the foam, foam will flow back down the chute and out though the generator, ceasing the generation )

  • generator positioned in an area relatively clear of smoke , heat and foam
  • utilize handline with fog nozzle to keep area around the genitor clear of any contaminants
  • when using the generator to fill an area on the same level as the generator , it is necessary to seal the are around the foam discharge .. to seal off area, use wood, rugs, cardboard, salvage plastic, drapes , tarpaulins…If foam continues to back out of the area, it is an indication that foam is being prevented form gaining access into fire area, ALTERANTE point be selected for foam delivery

-when delivering foam into an area that is below the generator , may not be necessary to seal off area around the foam discharge

47
Q

Generator can be used as SMOKE EJECTOR ..

A

turn generator around to accomplish this

48
Q

Members operating in foam environment..

A
  • SCBA malfunctions, leave contaminated area /accompanied (like SCBA EMERGENCIES)
  • BACKUP team SHOULD ALWAYS be made ready for possible assistance or relief
  • electrical equipment must be deenergized
  • move slowly through foam
  • do not become completely immersed in foam, hearing and vision will be impaired
  • HT USE WILL BE DIFFICULT , protect inside turnout coat
  • foam irritates eyes and nose/detergent burn
49
Q

Foam tankers/Satellite apparatus..

A

7500-CFM generators

Foam (3 decks)

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