FNS Exam Flashcards
Which of following is most likely to lead to kidney failure?
20% total body weight in water loss
St. John’s wort is a herbal supplement that
fights mild depression
Which of the following is true regarding the production of ammonia?
a. Results from the production of ketone bodies
c. Results with the deamination of amino acids
d. Helps to maintain the acid-base balance
Liver cells use glycogen to
regulate blood glucose levels
Which person is most likely to have the lowest resting energy expenditure per kilogram of body weight?
a. Newborn
c. Pregnant woman
d. Older adult man
Proteins within cell membranes control cell volume and nerve impulses by transporting
potassium and sodium
The process that moves fluid through a cell membrane is
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. passive diffusion.
d. osmosis.
The process of adding hydrogen atoms to carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty-acid chain is
hydrogenation
Iron’s main role in the body involves its ability to carry
a. oxygen.
b. carbon.
d. lipids.
As an emulsifier, bile is necessary for the
digestion of fat
Megadoses of vitamin B6 over a long period of time may cause
a. blood clots.
b. nerve damage.
c. anemia.
The monosaccharide that’s found in sucrose, lactose, and maltose is
a. glucose.
c. fructose.
d. ribose.
During starvation, the body’s highest priority is
supplying glucose to the brain
Which of the following compounds is the largest category of lipids?
Triglycerides
The female athlete triad combines eating disorders with which of the following conditions?
Osteoporosis and amenorrhea
Which is a function of fat in the body?
Temperature control
For healthful eating, the best practice is to balance
calorie intake and energy expenditure
Most cholesterol in the body is
b. made by the liver.
c. a combination of recyclable bile.
d. a product of the gallbladder.
What is the function of sphincters?
Controls movement of food
Which of the following describes the energy intake prediction to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal-weight individuals?
Estimated energy requirement
The digestion of protein begins in the
b. stomach.
c. small intestine.
d. colon.
Which of the following is a sign of vitamin D deficiency in children?
Bowing of the legs
Which of the following is the average percentage of water in the human body?
60
A person who is very thin, has severe distortion regarding body image, and severely restricts food intake is most likely suffering from
anorexia nervosa
Which person has the greatest protein needs per kilogram of weight?
a. Newborn
b. Healthy toddler
c. Obese man
Which of the following lipid levels are likely to be abnormally low when a person is obese?
High-density lipoproteins
Antidepressant medications that treat bulimia increase
serotonin
Special carriers transport substances across cell membranes during
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. lipid thrombosis.
d. peristaltic action.
What condition brings about positive nitrogen balance?
Pregnancy
The movement of material through the intestine occurs by
peristalsis
Which of the following vitamins is most likely to cause toxic effects in a person who takes more than 150% of its recommendation amount for a long period of time?
A
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also known as the
alimentary canal
Copper deficiency can cause
anemia
Which United States government agency is responsible for truthfulness of advertising?
a. Health and Human Services (HHS)
c. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
d. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Food labels list the quantity of protein per serving in
grams
Which of the following dietary reference intakes determines the level at which nutrient toxicity may occur?
Tolerable upper intake level(s)
High-protein intake can be harmful for people with
kidney disease
A deficiency in which of the following minerals can result in a decrease in taste?
Zinc
The primary function of carbohydrates is to
a. create enzymes.
c. insulate organs.
d. provide energy.
Which of the following protects the stomach lining from its acidic environment?
Mucus that the stomach cells secrete
Which hormone signals the release of bile?
Cholecystokinin
Who is responsible for proving that a dietary supplement is unsafe after it is on the market?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas empty into the
duodenum
Which of the following is the best source of dietary iodine?
b. Olive oil
c. Hydrogenated fat
d. Milk
Adenosine triphosphate releases energy when which of following bonds break?
b. Phosphate
c. Coenzymes
d. Protein
Triglyceride molecules are made up of a glycerol and three
fatty acid
Which of the following nutrients must be on a nutrition facts label?
Vitamin C
An indispensable amino acid is one that
cannot be made by the body
Which of the following foods contains fat?
Sunflower seeds
Which of the following enhances calcium absorption?
Vitamin D
A free radical is a
highly reactive, unstable molecule that can damage cells
A person with a BMI of 21 is
normal weight
Which of the following is a macronutrient?
Protein
The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to
b. increase mineralization of bone.
c. act as coenzymes or a part of coenzymes.
d. enhance the transport of nutrients across cell membranes.
A drastic increase in fiber intake over a short period of time may result in
increased intestinal gas
When athletes follow a carbohydrate-loading regimen, they are trying to boost their body stores of
glycogen
A lacto-vegetarian will refuse to eat
an omlete
Anorexia nervosa occurs most often among
young women, ages 13 to 19
Which of the following metabolic processes is anaerobic?
Glycolysis
Which of the following nutrients must be in the diet to maintain health?
Essential
Having excess fat in which of the following areas of the body increases the risk of heart disease and diabetes mellitus?
Abdomen
Lactose is found in
milk
The 2010 edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends how many minutes of physical activity per day?
30
Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin E?
Sunflower seed
Which structural feature contributes most to the massive absorptive area of the small intestine?
a. Villi
b. Microvilli
d. Ileocecal valve
Which of the following lipoproteins pick up cholesterol from arterial plaques?
High-density lipoprotein
Vitamin K is necessary for the
blood clotting process.
Which of the following panels on a package of St. John’s wort provides information about herbal ingredients and nutrient daily values?
Supplement facts
The building of tissue proteins from amino acids is
anabolism
How many kilocalories are in a meal that has 20 g of fat, 15 g of protein, and 60 g of carbohydrates?
480
Which of the following transport free fatty acids to intestinal cells for absorption?
a. Lecithins
b. Micelles
d. Low-density lipoproteins
Which of the following statements is true about nutrients and food?
Most foods contain mixtures of many nutrients
Which list contains only fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, E, K, and D
The products that begin the citric-acid cycle are
acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate
Which of the following does the thyroid gland use to make T3 and T4?
Iodide
Carbohydrates and lipids are protein sparing because they
can reduce the need to use amino acids for fuel.
Which of the following foods has the highest amount of the phytochemical lycopene?
Tomatoes
Which of the following foods is the best protein complement to pasta in a meal?
Black beans
Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin B12?
Fortified cereals
A deficiency of which of the following nutrients causes red blood cells to be small and pale?
a. Iron
c. Vitamin B12
d. Folate
Which of the following foods does amylase break down in the mouth?
bread
Amylase secretions come from the
salivary glands
Which of the following derivatives is a precursor of vitamin D?
Cholesterol
Which of the following groups is most at risk for dehydration?
a. Young women
c. Adolescent males
d. Infants
How many kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide?
4
Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?
Whole-wheat bread
Which is the correct order of glucose catabolism?
Glycolysis, citric-acid cycle, electron transport
Which of the following foods contains the least amount of vitamin D per serving?
Kidney beans
Nearly all metabolic reactions involve
water
In the body, insulin stimulates the
uptake of glucose by cells
Which of the following actions may reduce the symptoms of diverticulosis and prevent the complications of diverticulitis?
Eating a high-fiber diet
An excellent source of beta-carotene is/are
sweet potatoes
Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is a hormone?
D
To obtain a broad mix of nutrients, the best recommendation is to eat
a variety of different foods
Which of the following chemical reactions release fatty acids and glycerol from a triglyceride?
a. Catabolic
c. Anabolic
d. Ionic
Which of the following is the usual sequence of events in the behavioral pattern for a person with bulimia?
Emotional trigger, bingeing, purging
Which of the following occurs in the mitochondria?
Energy generation
After deamination occurs, what part of the amino acid remains?
a. Diatomic oxygen
b. Carbon skeleton
d. Glycerol
A very low-density lipoprotein is made up mostly of
triglycerides
Women who are considering getting pregnant should take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of giving birth to infants with
neural tube defects
