FNS Flashcards
The two most important elements in the selection of food are
taste and texture of food.
Which of the following is true regarding the American diet?
The most popular vegetable is the potato.
Nutrients are defined as the chemicals
in foods that are essential for normal body functions.
An essential nutrient is a chemical that
must be consumed because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity.
Nutrients are
substances that the body uses for energy and other functions.
Macronutrients are
needed in relatively large amounts by the body.
Which of the following substances supplies energy?
Protein powders
Triglycerides are
lipids
As a macronutrient, protein can supply
the same amount of energy per gram as carbohydrates
After an experiment or study is complete, researchers present their results to scientific journals for
peer review
The term moderation as part of menu planning means
not having too much or too little of any one type of food in the diet.
The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to
promote health and reduce the risk for chronic disease.
What is MyPlate?
An Internet-based educational tool used to teach healthy eating and exercise habits
MyPyramid was designed to be
a personalized approach to eating healthy
Tolerable upper intake levels
indicate amounts of certain nutrients that can be harmful.
All food labels must include
a list of ingredients in the product.
It is illegal for a dietary supplement to
claim to cure a disease.
Which of the following is an example of an anthropometric component of a nutritional assessment?
Measurement of body fat percentage
The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of individuals in a life-stage and gender group is known as which of the following?
Recommended Dietary Allowance
When comparing labels to select the most healthful food products, it is important to compare the
percent daily values
The innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the
mucosa
Which of the following organs carries food from the mouth into the stomach?
Esophagus
Which of the following sensations provides the greatest stimulation of olfactory receptors?
Smell of freshly baked bread
You recognize flavors mainly through
sense of smell
Peristaltic muscle contractions occur most frequently in the
small intestine
What type of chemical is an enzyme?
Protein
Which of the following is the correct pathway that bile follows in the digestive system?
Liver, gallbladder, small intestine
Which of the following is the pH level of the stomach?
2
The secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas empty into the
duodenum
Which of the following nutrients needs to digest before it can be absorbed by the body?
Protein
Food manufacturers use high-fructose corn syrup as an additive to sweeten
regular soft drinks.
Which of the following foods is a rich source of sucrose?
Maple Syrup
When athletes follow a carbohydrate-loading regimen, they are trying to boost their body stores of
glycogen
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
mouth
Which of the following enzymes is necessary for the digestion of the carbohydrate found in milk?
Lactase
After absorption, fructose and galactose are converted to _____ in the liver.
Glucose
Which of the following substances is the primary fuel for the brain and other nerve cells?
Glucose
Which of the following hormones regulates blood glucose?
Glucagon
Epinephrine
Insulin
The chemical structures of which of the following two monosaccharides are the most similar?
Galactose and glucose
Glucose also is referred to as
dextrose
Fats and oils are found in which of the following categories of lipids?
Triglycerides
Which of the following compounds is not an eicosanoid?
Alanine
The nutrient that supplies about 60% of the body’s resting energy needs is
fat
A granola bar contains 2 grams of fat. How much energy does this provide?
18 kilocalories
Which of the following oils is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids?
Flaxseed
Fat stored around organs is called
visceral
Phospholipids are an important ingredient in which of the following foods?
Salad Dressing
Which of the following foods contains the most cholesterol per serving?
1 ounce roasted turkey
High HDL levels are associated with
low rates of heart disease and stroke.
Which of the following compounds cannot be synthesized by humans?
Linolenic acid
Which of the following treatments is least likely to denature the proteins in a food?
Freezing
Which of the following is a structural protein?
Keratin
Antibody production is most likely to increase after
being exposed to a virus.
In maintaining proper acid-base balance, proteins act as
buffers
High-protein intakes can be harmful for people with
kidney disease
Food labels list the quantity of protein per serving in
grams
A high-quality protein
supplies all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed by the body.
Which of the following foods is the best protein complement to pasta in a meal?
Black beans
Proteins within cell membranes control cell volume and nerve impulses by transporting
potassium and sodium
A polypeptide must contain at least how many amino acids?
10
NADPH provides energy through
electron release
Carnitine’s function is to
carry fatty acids into mitochondria
In addition to the production of energy, the citric acid cycle produces building blocks for the synthesis of
nonessential amino acids
Which of the following biochemical pathways is an anaerobic process?
Glycolysis
During starvation, the body’s highest priority is
supplying glucose to the brain.
The coenzymes involved in energy metabolism are usually forms of
vitamins
Glycolysis takes place in
the cytosol
Lipogenesis
occurs when too many calories are consumed.
Transamination is most likely to occur during
synthesis of a protein.
The coenzyme A in acetyl CoA is formed from
pantothenic acid.
Which of the following persons is most likely to have a negative energy balance?
Starving child
Which of the following calorimetry methods is considered to be the most accurate?
Double-labeled water method
Having more fat cells than average is called _____ obesity.
hypercellular
Which of the following statements is true regarding physical activity and weight management?
Both cardiorespiratory endurance and strength-training activities are helpful in burning energy.
Which of the following strategies can help someone gain weight?
Eat small, frequent meals that contain energy-dense and nutrient-dense foods.
The instrument used to measure the energy content of food is a
bomb calorimeter.
The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately what percent of total energy expenditure?
10
Which of the following activities expends the most energy per minute?
Cross-country skiing
Which of the following body composition methods also assesses bone density?
DEXA
Which of the following defines an eating pattern in which a person avoids food for long periods of time and then gorges?
Restrained eating
Which of the following statements is true?
Fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the liver and adipose tissues.
Vitamin A promotes vision through its effects on the
cornea
The skin and mucous membranes are comprised of which of the following type of cells?
Epithelial
Which of the following meals contains the most beta-carotene?
Spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe
Excess vitamin A is most harmful to an embryo during which of the following months of pregnancy?
First and second
Why do recommendations for vitamin D intake increase in later adulthood?
Synthesis of this vitamin decreases with age
Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood results in
osteomalacia
A free radical is a
highly reactive, unstable molecule that can damage cells.
High vitamin E supplementation is likely to interfere with the functioning of
vitamin K.
The primary function of vitamin K in the body is to
promote blood clotting
Which of the following groups of nutrients contains only water-soluble vitamins?
Niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin
Which of the following structures removes excess water-soluble vitamins from the bloodstream and excretes them?
Kidneys
Which of the following nutrients is most likely to leach from vegetables that are boiled in water?
Folate
The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to
act as coenzymes or a part of coenzymes
Which of the following B vitamins are added to white flour for enrichment purposes?
Folic acid, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin
Riboflavin is unstable when exposed to
light
When protein intake is adequate, which of the following vitamins can the body make from tryptophan?
Niacin
Which of the following biochemical pathways stops if pantothenic acid is not present?
Citric acid cycle
Consuming excess amounts of folate can mask a deficiency of
vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is also called
cobalamin
Water’s strong surface tension is the result of
hydrogen bonds
It takes longer to heat apple juice than a piece of apple pie in a microwave because
apple juice has a greater heat capacity
The sodium and potassium pump helps maintain fluid balance by
transporting sodium to the outside of the cell
Which of the following is the best source of water?
milk
Which of the following contributes the most sodium to a typical American’s diet?
Processed food
Hyponatremia can result from
only consuming water
Which of the following are major dietary sources of potassium?
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Metabolic alkalosis can be fatal because
blood pH increases
The protein that is most abundant in bone is
collagen
Which of the following minerals is stored in bone?
Calcium
Cytochromes are iron-containing compounds needed for
the electron transport chain.
Which of the following factors enhances iron absorption?
High need for iron
Which of the following people has the highest risk for iron deficiency?
6-month-old infant
A symptom of iron-deficiency anemia is
fatigue
Which of the following foods is a rich source of selenium?
Tuna fish sandwich
A child with hypothyroidism typically experiences
weight gain
Which of the following factors interferes with zinc absorption?
Iron supplementation
Copper deficiency can cause
anemia
After the body absorbs fluoride, it distributes the mineral in
bones and teeth
Boron’s primary role involves which of the following body systems?
Skeletal
Which of the following products are intended to supplement the diet, but do not represent themselves as a conventional food, meal, or diet?
Dietary supplements
Which of the following nutrients generally has the smallest margin of safety when taking megadoses?
Minerals
When taken in high doses, which of the following minerals often interferes with the absorption of other minerals?
Iron
Taking megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause
nerve damage
Megadoses of vitamin C can cause
diarrhea
Ginkgo biloba appears to help
blood circulation
Which of the following foods is often referred to as an anticancer food?
Soybeans
Which of the following federal programs offers a service for reporting adverse reactions to supplements?
MedWatch
Which of the following is a form of complementary medicine?
Herbal therapy
The traditional Eastern philosophy of yin/yang is incorporated into which of the following diets?
Macrobiotic
A major social factor involved in the development of eating disorders, especially among women, is
an unrealistic standard of thinness
Which of the following factors is associated with the development of disordered eating or eating disorders?
Unrealistic expectations to be perfect
A young woman involved in which of the following activities is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa?
Gymnastics
Which of the following is the usual sequence of events in a bulimic person’s behavioral pattern?
Emotional trigger, bingeing, purging
When compared to women, men who develop eating disorders are more likely to be
overweight
Anorexia athletica frequently affects
dancers
How often does a person have to binge-eat on a regular basis to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder?
At least twice a week
Antidepressant hormones used to treat bulimia increase which of the following hormones?
Serotonin
What is missing from the binge-eating disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic?
Purging
Which of the following is a characteristic warning sign of bulimia nervosa?
Binge eating
