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Gpts > FNS > Flashcards

FNS Flashcards

1
Q

The two most important elements in the selection of food are

A

taste and texture of food.

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2
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the American diet?

A

The most popular vegetable is the potato.

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3
Q

Nutrients are defined as the chemicals

A

in foods that are essential for normal body functions.

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4
Q

An essential nutrient is a chemical that

A

must be consumed because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity.

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5
Q

Nutrients are

A

substances that the body uses for energy and other functions.

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6
Q

Macronutrients are

A

needed in relatively large amounts by the body.

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7
Q

Which of the following substances supplies energy?

A

Protein powders

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8
Q

Triglycerides are

A

lipids

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9
Q

As a macronutrient, protein can supply

A

the same amount of energy per gram as carbohydrates

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10
Q

After an experiment or study is complete, researchers present their results to scientific journals for

A

peer review

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11
Q

The term moderation as part of menu planning means

A

not having too much or too little of any one type of food in the diet.

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12
Q

The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to

A

promote health and reduce the risk for chronic disease.

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13
Q

What is MyPlate?

A

An Internet-based educational tool used to teach healthy eating and exercise habits

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14
Q

MyPyramid was designed to be

A

a personalized approach to eating healthy

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15
Q

Tolerable upper intake levels

A

indicate amounts of certain nutrients that can be harmful.

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16
Q

All food labels must include

A

a list of ingredients in the product.

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17
Q

It is illegal for a dietary supplement to

A

claim to cure a disease.

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18
Q

Which of the following is an example of an anthropometric component of a nutritional assessment?

A

Measurement of body fat percentage

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19
Q

The nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of individuals in a life-stage and gender group is known as which of the following?

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance

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20
Q

When comparing labels to select the most healthful food products, it is important to compare the

A

percent daily values

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21
Q

The innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the

A

mucosa

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22
Q

Which of the following organs carries food from the mouth into the stomach?

A

Esophagus

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23
Q

Which of the following sensations provides the greatest stimulation of olfactory receptors?

A

Smell of freshly baked bread

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24
Q

You recognize flavors mainly through

A

sense of smell

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25
Q

Peristaltic muscle contractions occur most frequently in the

A

small intestine

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26
Q

What type of chemical is an enzyme?

A

Protein

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27
Q

Which of the following is the correct pathway that bile follows in the digestive system?

A

Liver, gallbladder, small intestine

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28
Q

Which of the following is the pH level of the stomach?

A

2

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29
Q

The secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas empty into the

A

duodenum

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30
Q

Which of the following nutrients needs to digest before it can be absorbed by the body?

A

Protein

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31
Q

Food manufacturers use high-fructose corn syrup as an additive to sweeten

A

regular soft drinks.

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32
Q

Which of the following foods is a rich source of sucrose?

A

Maple Syrup

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33
Q

When athletes follow a carbohydrate-loading regimen, they are trying to boost their body stores of

A

glycogen

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34
Q

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

A

mouth

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35
Q

Which of the following enzymes is necessary for the digestion of the carbohydrate found in milk?

A

Lactase

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36
Q

After absorption, fructose and galactose are converted to _____ in the liver.

A

Glucose

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37
Q

Which of the following substances is the primary fuel for the brain and other nerve cells?

A

Glucose

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38
Q

Which of the following hormones regulates blood glucose?

A

Glucagon
Epinephrine
Insulin

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39
Q

The chemical structures of which of the following two monosaccharides are the most similar?

A

Galactose and glucose

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40
Q

Glucose also is referred to as

A

dextrose

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41
Q

Fats and oils are found in which of the following categories of lipids?

A

Triglycerides

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42
Q

Which of the following compounds is not an eicosanoid?

A

Alanine

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43
Q

The nutrient that supplies about 60% of the body’s resting energy needs is

A

fat

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44
Q

A granola bar contains 2 grams of fat. How much energy does this provide?

A

18 kilocalories

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45
Q

Which of the following oils is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A

Flaxseed

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46
Q

Fat stored around organs is called

A

visceral

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47
Q

Phospholipids are an important ingredient in which of the following foods?

A

Salad Dressing

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48
Q

Which of the following foods contains the most cholesterol per serving?

A

1 ounce roasted turkey

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49
Q

High HDL levels are associated with

A

low rates of heart disease and stroke.

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50
Q

Which of the following compounds cannot be synthesized by humans?

A

Linolenic acid

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51
Q

Which of the following treatments is least likely to denature the proteins in a food?

A

Freezing

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52
Q

Which of the following is a structural protein?

A

Keratin

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53
Q

Antibody production is most likely to increase after

A

being exposed to a virus.

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54
Q

In maintaining proper acid-base balance, proteins act as

A

buffers

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55
Q

High-protein intakes can be harmful for people with

A

kidney disease

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56
Q

Food labels list the quantity of protein per serving in

A

grams

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57
Q

A high-quality protein

A

supplies all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed by the body.

58
Q

Which of the following foods is the best protein complement to pasta in a meal?

A

Black beans

59
Q

Proteins within cell membranes control cell volume and nerve impulses by transporting

A

potassium and sodium

60
Q

A polypeptide must contain at least how many amino acids?

A

10

61
Q

NADPH provides energy through

A

electron release

62
Q

Carnitine’s function is to

A

carry fatty acids into mitochondria

63
Q

In addition to the production of energy, the citric acid cycle produces building blocks for the synthesis of

A

nonessential amino acids

64
Q

Which of the following biochemical pathways is an anaerobic process?

A

Glycolysis

65
Q

During starvation, the body’s highest priority is

A

supplying glucose to the brain.

66
Q

The coenzymes involved in energy metabolism are usually forms of

A

vitamins

67
Q

Glycolysis takes place in

A

the cytosol

68
Q

Lipogenesis

A

occurs when too many calories are consumed.

69
Q

Transamination is most likely to occur during

A

synthesis of a protein.

70
Q

The coenzyme A in acetyl CoA is formed from

A

pantothenic acid.

71
Q

Which of the following persons is most likely to have a negative energy balance?

A

Starving child

72
Q

Which of the following calorimetry methods is considered to be the most accurate?

A

Double-labeled water method

73
Q

Having more fat cells than average is called _____ obesity.

A

hypercellular

74
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding physical activity and weight management?

A

Both cardiorespiratory endurance and strength-training activities are helpful in burning energy.

75
Q

Which of the following strategies can help someone gain weight?

A

Eat small, frequent meals that contain energy-dense and nutrient-dense foods.

76
Q

The instrument used to measure the energy content of food is a

A

bomb calorimeter.

77
Q

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately what percent of total energy expenditure?

A

10

78
Q

Which of the following activities expends the most energy per minute?

A

Cross-country skiing

79
Q

Which of the following body composition methods also assesses bone density?

A

DEXA

80
Q

Which of the following defines an eating pattern in which a person avoids food for long periods of time and then gorges?

A

Restrained eating

81
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the liver and adipose tissues.

82
Q

Vitamin A promotes vision through its effects on the

A

cornea

83
Q

The skin and mucous membranes are comprised of which of the following type of cells?

A

Epithelial

84
Q

Which of the following meals contains the most beta-carotene?

A

Spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe

85
Q

Excess vitamin A is most harmful to an embryo during which of the following months of pregnancy?

A

First and second

86
Q

Why do recommendations for vitamin D intake increase in later adulthood?

A

Synthesis of this vitamin decreases with age

87
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in adulthood results in

A

osteomalacia

88
Q

A free radical is a

A

highly reactive, unstable molecule that can damage cells.

89
Q

High vitamin E supplementation is likely to interfere with the functioning of

A

vitamin K.

90
Q

The primary function of vitamin K in the body is to

A

promote blood clotting

91
Q

Which of the following groups of nutrients contains only water-soluble vitamins?

A

Niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin

92
Q

Which of the following structures removes excess water-soluble vitamins from the bloodstream and excretes them?

A

Kidneys

93
Q

Which of the following nutrients is most likely to leach from vegetables that are boiled in water?

A

Folate

94
Q

The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to

A

act as coenzymes or a part of coenzymes

95
Q

Which of the following B vitamins are added to white flour for enrichment purposes?

A

Folic acid, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin

96
Q

Riboflavin is unstable when exposed to

A

light

97
Q

When protein intake is adequate, which of the following vitamins can the body make from tryptophan?

A

Niacin

98
Q

Which of the following biochemical pathways stops if pantothenic acid is not present?

A

Citric acid cycle

99
Q

Consuming excess amounts of folate can mask a deficiency of

A

vitamin B12

100
Q

Vitamin B12 is also called

A

cobalamin

101
Q

Water’s strong surface tension is the result of

A

hydrogen bonds

102
Q

It takes longer to heat apple juice than a piece of apple pie in a microwave because

A

apple juice has a greater heat capacity

103
Q

The sodium and potassium pump helps maintain fluid balance by

A

transporting sodium to the outside of the cell

104
Q

Which of the following is the best source of water?

A

milk

105
Q

Which of the following contributes the most sodium to a typical American’s diet?

A

Processed food

106
Q

Hyponatremia can result from

A

only consuming water

107
Q

Which of the following are major dietary sources of potassium?

A

Fresh fruits and vegetables

108
Q

Metabolic alkalosis can be fatal because

A

blood pH increases

109
Q

The protein that is most abundant in bone is

A

collagen

110
Q

Which of the following minerals is stored in bone?

A

Calcium

111
Q

Cytochromes are iron-containing compounds needed for

A

the electron transport chain.

112
Q

Which of the following factors enhances iron absorption?

A

High need for iron

113
Q

Which of the following people has the highest risk for iron deficiency?

A

6-month-old infant

114
Q

A symptom of iron-deficiency anemia is

A

fatigue

115
Q

Which of the following foods is a rich source of selenium?

A

Tuna fish sandwich

116
Q

A child with hypothyroidism typically experiences

A

weight gain

117
Q

Which of the following factors interferes with zinc absorption?

A

Iron supplementation

118
Q

Copper deficiency can cause

A

anemia

119
Q

After the body absorbs fluoride, it distributes the mineral in

A

bones and teeth

120
Q

Boron’s primary role involves which of the following body systems?

A

Skeletal

121
Q

Which of the following products are intended to supplement the diet, but do not represent themselves as a conventional food, meal, or diet?

A

Dietary supplements

122
Q

Which of the following nutrients generally has the smallest margin of safety when taking megadoses?

A

Minerals

123
Q

When taken in high doses, which of the following minerals often interferes with the absorption of other minerals?

A

Iron

124
Q

Taking megadoses of vitamin B6 can cause

A

nerve damage

125
Q

Megadoses of vitamin C can cause

A

diarrhea

126
Q

Ginkgo biloba appears to help

A

blood circulation

127
Q

Which of the following foods is often referred to as an anticancer food?

A

Soybeans

128
Q

Which of the following federal programs offers a service for reporting adverse reactions to supplements?

A

MedWatch

129
Q

Which of the following is a form of complementary medicine?

A

Herbal therapy

130
Q

The traditional Eastern philosophy of yin/yang is incorporated into which of the following diets?

A

Macrobiotic

131
Q

A major social factor involved in the development of eating disorders, especially among women, is

A

an unrealistic standard of thinness

132
Q

Which of the following factors is associated with the development of disordered eating or eating disorders?

A

Unrealistic expectations to be perfect

133
Q

A young woman involved in which of the following activities is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa?

A

Gymnastics

134
Q

Which of the following is the usual sequence of events in a bulimic person’s behavioral pattern?

A

Emotional trigger, bingeing, purging

135
Q

When compared to women, men who develop eating disorders are more likely to be

A

overweight

136
Q

Anorexia athletica frequently affects

A

dancers

137
Q

How often does a person have to binge-eat on a regular basis to be diagnosed with binge-eating disorder?

A

At least twice a week

138
Q

Antidepressant hormones used to treat bulimia increase which of the following hormones?

A

Serotonin

139
Q

What is missing from the binge-eating disorder cycle that is present in the emotional/behavioral cycle of a bulimic?

A

Purging

140
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic warning sign of bulimia nervosa?

A

Binge eating

Gpts (4 decks)

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