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A4 Ruminant Medicine > FMD, HS, Anthrax > Flashcards

FMD, HS, Anthrax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common clinical manifestations of anthrax in herbivores?

A. Chronic cough and weight loss
B. Sudden death, fever, swelling, and respiratory distress
C. Diarrhea and dehydration
D. Skin rashes and itching

A

B. Sudden death, fever, swelling, and respiratory distress

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2
Q

Significance of “amplifier hosts” in the spread of FMD virus

A

Amplifier hosts are animals that can carry and spread the FMD virus without showing symptoms. Their significance includes:
1. Increasing virus load in the environment
2. Enhancing transmission to susceptible animals
3. Prolonging outbreaks
4. Complicating control measures

These factors make managing FMD more challenging

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3
Q

OIE–listed animal disease and is considered the most economically important bacterial disease of water buffalo and cattle in tropical areas of Asia

A

Hemorrhagic septicemia

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4
Q

Which P. multocida strain has been identified in most areas where the disease is endemic?

A

Serotype B:2

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5
Q

What are some common stressors associated with outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia?

A
  1. high temperature and humidity
  2. concurrent infection
  3. poor nutrition
  4. work stress
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6
Q

A herd of water buffalo in a tropical region experiences a sudden outbreak of high fever, respiratory distress, and edematous swelling in the throat region, followed by death within 24-48 hours. What is the most likely causative agent?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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7
Q

A cattle rancher in a humid region reports multiple deaths in cattle. Necropsy reveals widespread hemorrhages, a swollen spleen, and dark, unclotted blood oozing from body orifices. What disease should be suspected?

A

Anthrax

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8
Q

A veterinarian is called to a farm where cattle are exhibiting high fever, nasal discharge, severe respiratory distress, and frothy saliva. The farmer reports that these signs appeared suddenly after heavy rainfall. What disease should be suspected?

A

Hemorrhagic septicemia

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9
Q

Among these anthrax, fmd, and hemorrhagic septicemia, which disease is most prevalent during the rainy season?

A

hemorrhagic septicemia

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10
Q

Where does infection of hemorrhagic septicemia begins?

A

tonsil and adjacent nasopharyngeal tissues

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11
Q

Clinical findings in peracute cases of HS.

A
  1. death within 8-24 hrs
  2. fever
  3. hypersalivation
  4. nasal discharge
  5. labored respiration
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12
Q

Clinical findings of acute hemorrhagic septicemia

A
  1. fever of 104°–106°F (40°–41.1°C)
  2. apathy and reluctance to move
  3. hypersalivation
  4. lacrimation
  5. nasal discharge that begins as serous and progresses to mucopurulent
  6. Subcutaneous edema
  7. Progressive respiratory distress
  8. terminal recumbency
  9. abdominal pain + diarrhea
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13
Q

A farmer in a flood-prone area reports sudden death in multiple buffaloes. Post-mortem examination is discouraged due to biosecurity risks. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Leptospirosis
B) Hemorrhagic Septicemia
C) Anthrax
D) Rift Valley Fever

A

C) Anthrax

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14
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in buffaloes?

A) Ulcerative lesions on the tongue and lips
B) Severe pulmonary congestion and frothy exudate in the trachea
C) Gas gangrene formation in muscles
D) Thickened and necrotic intestinal mucosa

A

Severe pulmonary congestion and frothy exudate in the trachea

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15
Q

What is the recommended vaccination schedule for preventing Hemorrhagic Septicemia in cattle?

A

Annual vaccination before the monsoon season

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16
Q

A cattle rancher observes submandibular swelling and bloody discharges from the nose of affected animals. What is the primary treatment protocol for suspected Hemorrhagic Septicemia?

A

Immediate antibiotic therapy with penicillin or tetracyclines

17
Q

A group of sheep in an endemic area suddenly develops high fever (41.5°C), followed by lethargy and respiratory distress. Some sheep collapse and die within hours, with no prior illness observed.

Which clinical sign is most characteristic of anthrax in ruminants?
A) Mucopurulent nasal discharge and coughing
B) Bloody discharges from natural body openings
C) Chronic weight loss with persistent diarrhea
D) Neurologic signs with ataxia and seizures

A

Bloody discharges from natural body openings

18
Q

A horse is found dead in a pasture with signs of rapid decomposition. Upon limited examination, an enlarged, dark red spleen and hemorrhages on the epicardium and endocardium are noted. The veterinarian might suspect?

A

Anthrax

19
Q

A farm located in a known anthrax-endemic region wants to prevent future outbreaks. The farmer asks the veterinarian for the best approach.

Which of the following is the most effective long-term prevention strategy for anthrax in grazing animals?
A) Monthly administration of antibiotics
B) Annual vaccination with the Sterne-strain vaccine
C) Immediate culling of all animals after an outbreak
D) Rotating pastures every 3 months

A

Annual vaccination with the Sterne-strain vaccine

20
Q

What is the most common lesion found in swine infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease?

A

Vesicles on the snout, feet, and mouth

21
Q

The “tiger-heart” lesion seen in young pigs infected with FMD is characterized by?

A

Diffuse necrosis of the myocardium with hemorrhages

22
Q

What secondary complications is most commonly associated with foot lesions in FMD-infected pigs?

A

Chronic lameness due to secondary bacterial infection

23
Q

In sheep and goats, the first clinical sign of Foot-and-Mouth Disease is often?

A

Lameness

24
Q

The most characteristic lesion of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in cattle and buffalo

A

Extensive swelling of the submandibular region, neck, and brisket due to edema

25
Q

In peracute cases of HS, death can occur within?

A

8-24 hours

26
Q

Which of the following is a common microscopic lesion in Hemorrhagic Septicemia?

A. Granulomatous inflammation of the lungs
B. Necrotizing vasculitis with thrombosis
C. Myocardial fibrosis
D. Villous atrophy of the intestines

A

Necrotizing vasculitis with thrombosis

27
Q

The presence of serous to serofibrinous fluid in the thorax, pericardium, and abdominal cavity in cattle and buffalo is indicative of?

A

Hemorrhagic Septicemia

28
Q

The most characteristic gross lesion in animals affected by Anthrax is:

A. Generalized congestion and hemorrhage with unclotted, dark blood
B. Granulomatous nodules in the lungs
C. Fibrinous pericarditis
D. Severe mucosal ulceration of the intestines

A

Generalized congestion and hemorrhage with unclotted, dark blood

29
Q

In ruminants that die from peracute Anthrax, the spleen is typically?

A

Markedly enlarged, soft, and dark (splenomegaly)

30
Q

Which of the following statements about Anthrax lesions is true?

A. Necrotic lesions in the lungs are the hallmark of Anthrax in all species
B. Blood from Anthrax-infected animals fails to clot due to bacterial toxins
C. Anthrax causes severe vesicular lesions in the oral cavity
D. The liver is typically unaffected in cases of Anthrax

A

Blood from Anthrax-infected animals fails to clot due to bacterial toxins

A4 Ruminant Medicine (2 decks)

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