FM Radiology - Screening Studies Flashcards
Who are high-risk individuals for developing lung cancer?
Smokers over 50 y/o
Which imaging procedures are considered in early detection of lung cancer?
CXR
Low dose spiral CT chest
What is the current role of CXR as a screening test for early detection of lung cancer?
Studies have proven that CXR as a screening test does not have any survival advantage and is no longer recommended
What is the current role of spiral CT as a screening test for early detection of lung cancer?
CT is more sensitive than CXR for detecting lung nodules; however it is not very specific, as most nodules are benign
What factors contribute to the cost for screening high-risk patients?
- Number of potential candidates for screening
- Cost of spiral CT
- Annual screening
Most of the nodules detected by spiral CT are benign. What is the morbidity and harm to patients resulting from investigations of these non-specific lesions?
Unnecessary anxiety
Expensive follow-up
Mortality/morbidity from prcoedures
How is early detection advantageous?
CT detects more cases of lung cancer
More patients screened by CT have resectable early-stage disease
Limitations of cancer screening?
Aggressive tumors are not benefited by detection in the screening procedure
No proven benefit for early detection of slow growing tumors
No proven survival benefit
What are the current recommendations for prostate cancer screening per the USPSTF?
No current evidence to support annual PSA testing and DRE examinations for men >50 y/o who are asymptomatic
What are the current recommendations for prostate cancer screening per the ACP?
Rather than screening all men for prostate cancer as a matter of routine, physicians should describe the potential benefits and known harms of screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Individualize the decision.
What are the current recommendations for prostate cancer screening per the American Urological Association?
All males of 50 years or more should have an annual prostate exam with a DRE and PSA test. All males 40+ years with a family history of prostate cancer should be tested.
What are the current recommendations for prostate cancer screening per the ACS?
Beginning at age 50, annual prostate exam (DRE and PSA) should be offered annually to men who have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and to younger men who are at high risk.
What is the role of imaging in prostate cancer screening?
U/S is not good for screening, but is helpful for work-up of suspected prostate cancer.
