Fluorescense 2 Flashcards
Why is flouresnce important
Because the time length of fluorescence is long in comparison to absorbance
Absorbances is femtoseconds
Fluorescence is nanoseconds (more things have more time to happen)
Why is flouresnce important
Because the time length of fluorescence is long in comparison to absorbance
Absorbances is femtoseconds
Fluorescence is nanoseconds (more things have more time to happen)
During the long time between excitation and fluorescence what are the ways that the molecule can lose energy
Can emit
Can to intersystem crossing (to a triplet state)
Can transfer energy to an acceptor
Can do thermal inactivation
Can collide with other molecules
What is an example of a negative charged noncovalently bound fluorophore
What is it characteristics
ANS
It has a hydrophobic region (due to conjugated rings) to bind to hydrophobic regions of other proteins
Has a negative charge (SO3-) so that it can be soluble in water
When you put ANS in water vs n-Octanol (a thing mimicking the hydrophobic environment of proteins is might bind to)
What do you observe in the spectra of ANS
The quantum yeild in the n-octonol is higher than in the water
This means that you see more flourescnse when ANS is bound to proteins
What is an example of a postitwvly charged fluorophore
What are its characteristics
EtBr
Positively charged, Has a hydrophobic region
binds to hydrophobic regions between bases in DNA
What makes EtBr have a large quantum yeild
Because it intercalates within dna to cause a lot of fluorescence
What are examples of covalently bound fluorophore?
1,5-IADANS
FITC
What are the characteristics of 1,5-IAEDANS
Binds to cysteine residues on the surface of proteins through its haloacteamide group
The halo means an iodine (halogen)
It attaches the fluorophore onto it and then to the protein
What are the conditions for IAEDANS binding to the cysteine of proteins
We need the solution that the protein is in to be at ph 8.
When this happens, the cys is S- and the haloacetamide of the IAEDANS reacts with it to bind.
If you wanted to only label one cys residue with IAEDANS what would you do
You could do site directed mutagenesis of other cysteines to make it so IAEDANS can bind to them
Or you could add in a modified cysteine that the IAEDANS will bind to only
What makes IAEDANS a specific fluorophore
The reaction of it with his, lys, or met is much slower than with cys
What are the characteristic of FITC
Binds to lysines through a isocyanate (N=C=S)
Why would you choose to label lysines
Lysine is on the surface of proteins at the aqueous environment (interaction with water unfavourably)
Can label the surfaces of proteins
For which molecules/probes is the quantum yield higher for
More rigid molecules
Less polar environments
What’s a great source for finding info on probes
Molceuclar probes website
Many excited fluorpohres ______
Don’t emit a photon
What is the collision part of something losing energy after being excited
The excited state of that fluorophore clashes into another molecule
What is an example of self quenching
A fluorescent dye (like fluorescein)
When dilute its green
And when concentrated it’s dark red
It’s changes it’s own fluoresce depending on its concentration
What is fluorescence quenching
A process where the fluorescence intensity of a fluorophore is reduced