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parasitology > flukes > Flashcards

flukes Flashcards

1
Q

all trematodes are hermaphrodties except for what species of fluke?

A

blood flukes

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2
Q

basic life cycle of trematodes (flukes) of domestic animals

A

eggs release in feces –> miracidia get released from eggs and miracidia enter intermediate host –> asexual repro happens in intermediate host and produce cercariae –> can either develop into infective stage metacercaeriae or encyst as meracercaeiae 2nd intermediate host –>metacercariae inside definitive and develop into adult fluke

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3
Q

how are fluke eggs released in the host?

A

feces

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4
Q

what stage in the flukes lifecycle infect enters a snail as a intermediate host?

A

miracidia

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5
Q

fluke eggs develop and hatch in? to release what?

A

water
-to release miracidia

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6
Q

what occurs in the intermediate host of the fluke?

A

asexual reproduction producing large amounts of cercariae

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7
Q

what stage of the fluke lifecycle exists the snail and enters the definitive host?

A

cercariae

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8
Q

what is the infective fluke stage?

A

metacercariae

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9
Q

after cercaeriae exits the snail what are the three possible ways it can infect the definitive host?

A

-develops into metacercariae encysts on vegetation and gets eaten by definitive host
-encysts as metacercariae in tissues of a 2nd intermediate host and then eaten by definitive host
-actively penetrates the skin of definitive host

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10
Q

name of common liver fluke

A

fasciola hepatica

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11
Q

what is the intermediate host of fasciola hepatica?

A

lymnaeid snails

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12
Q

what species of adult fluke colonize bile ducts of mammals?

A

fasciola hepatica

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13
Q

what is transmitted by ingestion of metacercariae on vegetation, adults colonize bile duct of animals

A

fasciola hepatica

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14
Q

what is caused by invasion of liver by young flukes from recent ingested metacercariae

A

acute fascioliasis

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15
Q

what animal is most prone to die from acute fascioliasis?

A

sheep

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16
Q

what is the disease associated with the presence of adult flukes in the bile ducts?

A

chronic fascioliasis caused by prolong period of ingestion of fasciola hepatica at moderate amounts

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17
Q

Dx of fasciola hepatica

A

fecal ova and parasite prep
ELISA

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18
Q

what causes bottle jaw in sheep?

A

fasciola hepatica

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19
Q

what is the north american lung fluke

A

paragonimus kellicotti

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20
Q

what species causes infection by eating crayfish containing encysted metacercariae or by eating animals that have recently fed on crayfish?

A

paragonimus kellicotti

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21
Q

what species of adult fluke infects lungs of cats, dogs, and many wild animals?

A

paragonimus kellicotti

22
Q

what is the preferred 1st intermediate host of paragonimus kellicotti?

A

slender walker snail

23
Q

what is the preferred 2nd intermediate host of paragonimus kellicotti?

A

crayfish
**infection only happens by this

24
Q

what species often occur in pairs in pulmonary cysts

A

paragonimus kellicotti

25
Q

operculate egg which is released into the respiratory tract and is passed into the environment

A

paragonimus kellicotti

26
Q

lifecycle of paragonimus kellicotti

A

operculate egg release into resp tract and passed into environment –> miracidium released from egg into fresh water –> miracidium infects snail –> after asexual repro in snail cercariae are released –> cercaeriae infect crustacean host and encyst as metacercariae –> ingestion of crustacean infects definitive host

27
Q

ciliated miracidium is released from each egg in freshwater

A

paragonimus kellicotti

28
Q

what young flukes excyst from ingested metacercaria, migrate through gut wall and diaphragm, pair up and mature within lung parenchyma, become encapsulated by granulation tissue and collagen

A

paragonimiasis caused by paragonimus kellicotti

29
Q

causes pleuritis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage

A

paragonimus kellicotti

30
Q

Dx paragonimiasis

A

ID unembryonated operculate eggs
Lung Xrays

31
Q

what species of fluke causes the disease known as dicrocoeliosis

A

dicrocoelium dendriticum

32
Q

adults that live in the gallbaldder, bile and pancreatic ducts of mammals (primarily domestic ruminants)

A

dicrocoelium dendriticum

33
Q

causes infection occurs by eating ants containing encysted metacercariae

A

dicrocoelium dendriticum

34
Q

what is the ideal habitat for both intermediate hosts of dicrocoelium dendriticum?

A

dry lowland or mountain pastures

35
Q

what is the 1st intermediate host of dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

terrestrial snails

36
Q

what is the 2nd intermediate host of dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

ants

37
Q

infection occurs by eating ants containing encysted metacercariae

A

dicrocoelium dendriticum

38
Q

what is the main economic impact of dicrocoeliosis

A

due to rejection of infected livers from slaughtered animals

39
Q

what causes no clinical illness in cattle, lambs, or yearling sheep?

A

dicrocoelium dendriticium

40
Q

in older sheep, infection causes progressive hepatic cirrhosis, lowered wool production, decreased lactation

A

dicrocoelium dendriticium

41
Q

Dx of dicrocoeliosis

A

ID of eggs in feces
ELISA

42
Q

no metacercarial stage, the cercariae penetrate skin of host

A

schistosomatidae

43
Q

sexes are separate in what species?

A

schistosomatidae

44
Q

adults primarily infect veins of mesenteries of the digestive & urinary tract of mammals and birds

A

schistosomatidae

45
Q

North American schistosome

A

heterobilharzia americana

46
Q

most clinical cases in dogs (canine schistosomiasis)

A

heterobilharzia americana

47
Q

intermediate host of heterobilharzia Americana

A

lymnaeid snails

48
Q

infection occurs when dogs come in contact with freshwater lakes or streams contaminated with infective cercariae

A

heterobilharzia americana

49
Q

cercariae penetrate skin, young flukes migrate to liver, mature, then move to mesenteric veins

A

heterobilharzia americana

50
Q

many eggs become lodged in intestinal wall, liver, and other visceral organs

A

heterobilharziasis
heterobilharizia americana

51
Q

Dx heterobilharziasis

A

ID of eggs in feces or biopsy samples
ELISA & PCR

parasitology (6 decks)

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