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parasitology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

diptera refers to?

A

flies (two wings)

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2
Q

describe the anatomical structure of diptera

A

-adults of all species have one pair of halteres (modified hindwing)
-adults have one pair of wings

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3
Q

what are the three main groups of flies?

A

nematocera
brachycera
cyclorrhapha (larvae of some of these species are myiasis)

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4
Q

name the species that are in the nematocera group

A

mosquitoes
blackflies
midges
sandflies

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5
Q

name the species that are in the brachycera

A

horseflies
deer flies

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6
Q

name the species that are in cyclorrhapha (biting flies)

A

(these are biting flies that don’t have wings)
-horn flies
-stable flies
- keds/louse flies
-tsetse fliesa

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7
Q

name the species that are in the cyclorrhapha (non-biting flies)

A

(don’t have wings)
-face fly
-housefly

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8
Q

name the cyclorrhapha species (myasis-causing flies)

A

(don’t have wings)
-flesh flies
-blowflies
-botflies

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9
Q

what are the genuses of the mosquito?

A

aedes
anopheles
culexw

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10
Q

what are the vectors of canine heart worm and plasmodium spp?

A

mosquitoes

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11
Q

what is the genus of black flies?

A

simulium

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12
Q

leucocytozoon spp (parasitic protozoa) devastates that species and what is the vector?

A

-affects birds
-from blackflies

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13
Q

mosquito bite hypersensitivity affects what species?

A

felines

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14
Q

simuliotoxicosis can cause a build up of toxins in livestock, equids, and birds from what species?

A

black flies (simulium)

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15
Q

what is the genus of midges?

A

culicoides spp

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16
Q

equine allergic dermatitis can be caused by?

A

midges (culicoides)

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17
Q

leishmania spp (parasitic protozoa) can cause leishmaniasis due to what species?

A

sandflies (lutzomyia, phlebotomus)

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18
Q

leucocytozoon (parasitic protozoa) that affects poultry and birds are transferred from what species?

A

midges (culicoides spp)

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19
Q

what is the genus of horseflies and deer flies?

A

tabanus (horseflies)
chrysops (deer flies)

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20
Q

horseflies and deer flies can transmit pathogens in ungulates and other mammals of what genus?

A

trypanosoma spp

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21
Q

what is the genus of horn flies?

A

haematobia spp

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22
Q

what is the genus of stable flies?

A

stomoxys spp

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23
Q

genus of keds or louse flies

A

melophagus ovinus (sheep ked)
entire lifecycle spent on host

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24
Q

genus of the tsetse flies

A

glossina spp

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25
Q

genus of face fly

A

musca autumnalis

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26
Q

genus of housefly

A

M. domestica

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27
Q

define obligate myasis

A

larvae require live host for food

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28
Q

genus of gray flesh fly

A

wohfahrtia vigil
*obligate myasis

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29
Q

genus of new work screwworm (blowflies)

A

cochiomyia hominivorax
*obligate myasis

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30
Q

genus of common green bottle fly (blowflies)

A

lucilia seriacata
*facultative myasis

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31
Q

are botflies obligate or facultative myasis?

A

obligate

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32
Q

genus of sheep nasal botfly

A

oestrus ovis

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33
Q

genus of heel flies? pathology?

A

hypoderma spp
warbles (subcutaneous cysts)

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34
Q

genus of horse botflies

A

gasterophilus spp

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35
Q

genus of botflies in rabbits?

A

cuterebra spp

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36
Q

cuterebra spp cause subcutaneous cysts in rabbits but wandering larvae can also invade or effect cats/dogs and cause?

A

cerebrospinal cuterebriasis

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37
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

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38
Q

two main groups of lice

A

-Anoplura (sucking lice), only mammals
-mallophaga (chewing lice), birds and mammals

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39
Q

genus of chicken body louse

A

menacanthus stramineus

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40
Q

genus of shaft louse (lice of poultry)

A

menopon gallinae

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41
Q

genus dog sucking louse

A

linognathus setosus

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42
Q

genus of dog chewing louse

A

trichodectes canis

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43
Q

what does trichodectes Canis serve as the intermediate host of?

A

tapeworm dipylidium caninum

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44
Q

genus of cat chewing louse

A

felicola subrostratus

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45
Q

genus of long nosed cattle louse

A

linognthus vituli

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46
Q

genus of short nosed cattle louse

A

haematopinus eurysternus

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47
Q

genus of little blue cattle louse

A

solenopotes capillatus

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48
Q

genus of cattle tail louse

A

haematopinus quadripertusus

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49
Q

genus of cattle chewing louse

A

damalinia bovis

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50
Q

genus of sheep chewing louse

A

damalinia ovis

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51
Q

genus of sheep face louse

A

linognathus ovillus

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52
Q

what is linognathus ovillus a vector for?

A

mycoplasma ovis

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53
Q

genus of sheep foot louse

A

linognathus pedalis

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54
Q

genus of African blue louse

A

linognathus africanus

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55
Q

genus of goat sucking louse

A

linognathus stenopsis

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56
Q

genus of goat biting louse

A

D. caprae

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57
Q

genus of horse chewing louse

A

damalinia equi

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58
Q

genus of horse sucking louse

A

haematopinus asini

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59
Q

genus of hog louse

A

haematopinus suis

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60
Q

what does haematopinus suis serve as a vector for?

A

swine pox virus

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61
Q

common helminth parasites in vet medicine? (3)

A

trematode (flukes)
cestodes (tapeworms)
nematodes

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62
Q

qualitative vs quantitative tests

A

-qualitative: can tell if infected or not
-quantitative: how much they are infected (to what degree)

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63
Q

what is fecal sedimentation test most useful for?

A

-used to detect eggs/cysts that are too heavy or delicate
-non-nematode eggs (ex trematode or acanthocephalan)
-certain protozoal cysts (amoebae, ciliates, giardia spp)

64
Q

what is required for eggs to float when doing a fecal float test?

A

the floatation solution used must have a higher specific gravity than most common parasite eggs (some eggs are too heavy to float)

65
Q

what test is best indicted when you suspect a nematode infection that produces eggs/cysts?

A

fecal float

66
Q

what test is useful for recovering nematode larvae?

A

baermann technique
(worms need to be mobile)

67
Q

what test is useful for some (not all) lung worms and strongyloides spp?

A

baermann technique

68
Q

what test would you use on feces to detect antigens?

A

immunoassays

69
Q

what test would you use to identify circulating micrrofilariae, protozoa, and rickettsia?

A

direct blood smear

70
Q

what does a PCR test detect?

A

DNA is feces

71
Q

what does lower Ct=higher burden mean in a PCR test?

A

there is so much DNA present that it didn’t take that long to find

72
Q

is the Cornell-mcmaster dilution technique is a qualitative or quantitative test?

A

quantitative

73
Q

what is the public health significance if a horse has pin-worms?

A

pinworms are species specific so not a public health concern

74
Q

what kind of technique would work best to isolate these? INSERT PIC

A

fecal float

75
Q

what kind of technique would work best to isolate these? INSERT PIC

A

fecal sedimentation

76
Q

describe life cycle of holometabolus (complete lifecycle) metamorphosis

A

egg–>larvae–>pupa–>adult

77
Q

describe the lifecycle of hemimetabolous metamorphosis

A

egg–>larvae–>nymph–>adult (ticks and mites)
egg–>nymph–>adult (lice)

78
Q

life cycle of flea

A

holometabolous
egg–>larvae–>pupa–>adult

79
Q

what is special about the pupae of a flea?

A

pupae can survive a long period of time without host, can go into a resting state and can eventually emerge when there are host cues

80
Q

what are the three degrees of attachment in fleas?

A

1) nidicolous fleas- visit host only to feed
2) stick tight fleas- females use mouth to permanently attach to host
3) chigoe fleas- mated females embed within the host’s skin

81
Q

what is a species of flea that stem from bacteria infection?

A

yersinia pestis

82
Q

what is a species of flea is an intermediate host of tapeworms?

A

diplidium caninum (cycles also through canines and humans)

83
Q

what are some treatments you can give the host to disrupt development of eggs, larvae, and pupae?

A

insect growth regulators
methopren, luferunon

84
Q

what is an example of a combination of adulticide + IGRs when treating for fleas?

A

fipronil +methoprene

85
Q

what flea treatment should you never give a rabbit

A

fipronil
(can lead to toxic reaction)

86
Q

genus of stick tight flea in poultry

A

echidnophaga gallinacea

87
Q

species and genus of nidicolous flea in poultry (2 types genuses)

A

ceratophyllus spp
C. niger and C. gallinae

88
Q

what species of flea infects cats and dogs? are genal and prenatal combs present?

A

ctenocephalides spp
-yes PC and GC present

89
Q

ctenocephalides felis (flea species) is important for the transmission of what diseases?

A

bubonic plague
dipylidium caninum

90
Q

pulex spp (flea) is what type of attchment and what is it a vector of?

A

nidicolous
vectors of bubonic plague

91
Q

genus of New World flea that infests wild animals

A

P. simulans

92
Q

what is the genus of stick tight flea that infests dogs and cats; swine goats, sheep, cattle, equids?

A

echidnophaga gallinacea

93
Q

genus of flea that infest; domestic rabbits and rodents, ungulates

A

ctenocephalides felis

94
Q

what genus of pulex spp of flea infect swine, goats, sheep, cattle, equids, and humans

A

P.irritans

95
Q

what species of flea with a chigoes attchment infect swine, cattle, sheep, goats, equids?

A

tunga spp

96
Q

what are the two types of disease transmissions via ticks?

A

-transovarian: infected female will transmit pathogen to the larvae through the egg
-transstadial: in the environment larvae will get infected by pathogen, will carry pathogen into nymph stage and nymph take blood meal and transmit OR nymph can get infected and then morphs into adult that can transmit pathogen

97
Q

argasid are what types of ticks (hard or soft)?

A

soft

98
Q

describe the lifecycle of argasid ticks

A

multi-host lifecycle
egg hatch into larvae and take blood meal then fall off, morph into nymph stage and take blood meal, fall off host morph into adult and takes blood meal where then the cycle continues

99
Q

can ascarid ticks have more than one nymph lifecycle?

A

yes

100
Q

the argas spp is restricted to what area?

A

gulf of mexico and border

101
Q

genus and host of the fowl tick or “blue bugs”

A

argas persicus
hosts: domestic fowl, wild birds

102
Q

is orinthodoros spp a soft or hard shell tick?

A

soft

103
Q

what is the genus of the ornithodoros spp that is a rodent parasite in the Rocky Mountains and pacific coast states?

A

ornithodoros hermsi

104
Q

what is the genus of ornithodoros spp that attacks deer and cattle and is prevalent in California and Oregon?

A

ornithodoros coriaceus

105
Q

is otobius spp a soft or hard shell tick?

A

soft

106
Q

genus of the spinose ear tick and its hosts

A

otobius megnini
cattle and horses (ear canals)

107
Q

how does otobius differ from argas and ornithodorus species of soft ticks?

A

otobius is one-host tick
only larvae and nymph feed (adults don’t feed)

108
Q

ixodid are what types of ticks? (hard or soft )

A

hard

109
Q

explain life cycle of one-host in ticks

A

complete entire molting process without leaving the host

110
Q

explain the two-host life cycle in ticks

A

larvae will be on host and will molt into nymph on the same host, then nymph will fall off and molt into adult, adult will go take blood meal

111
Q

explain the three-host life cycle in ticks

A

larvae will drop off molt into nymph, will then attach to host and take blood meal, drop off again to molt to adult and then adult can go and take blood meal (process could be on the same host or different host)

112
Q

what are biological identifications in three-host ticks?

A

ignorant scutum
anterior anal groove
lack festoons

113
Q

what are the two major species of ixodes ticks and their hosts?

A

-ixodes scapularis (deer tick or blacklegged tick), host: white-tailed deer
-ixodes pacificus (western blacklegged tick), host: lizards and small mammals

114
Q

what are biological identifications in the phipicephalus spp and are they soft or hard shelled?

A

-inornate scutum, hexagonal basis capitula, festoons present
-hard

115
Q

rhipicephalus spp genus of the brown dog tick, host, and diseases they can transmit?

A

-rhipicephalus sanguineus
-host: dogs
-transmit babesia canis

116
Q

rhipicephalus spp genus of cattle tick, host, and disease they can transmit?

A

-rhipicephalus annulatus
-host: domestic mammals
-transmit babesia bovis

117
Q

the dermacentor spp biological identifications, is it soft or hard shell tick?

A

-rectangular basis capitula, festoons present
-hard

118
Q

what are the two genuses of the species of tick dermacentor and their host

A

-dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), host: dogs and small animals
-dermacentor variables (American dog tick), host: dog and other mammals

119
Q

what is a special biological feature that helps with the identification of the amblyomma spp, is it hard or soft shell tick?

A

mouthparts are longer
hard

120
Q

genus of lone star tick, the host, and disease that can be transmitted

A

-amblyomma americanum
-host: white- tailed deer
-transmits cytauxzoon felis (protozoa disease in cats)

121
Q

genus of gulf coast tick, the host, and disease that can be transmitted

A

-amyblyomma maculated
-host: small rodents, bird and mammals
-transmits hepatozoon americanum

122
Q

biological features that are identifiable on haemaphysalis spp of tick

A

-palpi have laterally flared second segment

123
Q

genus of rabbit tick, the host, and disease that can be transmitted

A

haemaphysalis leporispalustris
host: rabbit
transmits theileria spp (protozoal disease of large and small ruminants)

124
Q

what order of mite are blood-feeders?

A

mesostigmata

125
Q

what order of mite burrow or tunnel within the epidermis, reside on the surface of the skin, or within the ear canal?

A

astigmata

126
Q

what order of mites are chiggers, follicle mites, itch mites, and some fur mites?

A

pro stigmata

127
Q

T/F almost all mites have 2 or 3 nymphal stages

A

T

128
Q

genus and host of the Northern fowl mite

A

-ornithonyssus sylvarium (blood feeder)
-host: poultry and wild birds
-entire lifecycle is on the host

129
Q

genus and host of the red poultry mite

A

-dermanyssus gallinae (blood feeders)
-host: wild and domestic birds
-reside off the host, move to host to feed at night

130
Q

genus and host of the common chigger

A

-eutrombicula alfreddugsei
-hosts: many animal species
orange crusting dermatosis

131
Q

give the genus of the external mite that only the larval form is parasitic

A

eutrombicula alfreddugsei

132
Q

genus and host of the scab mite

A

psoroptes ovis
host: primarily sheep, cattle and horses
-entire lifecycle is on the host

133
Q

genus and host of chorioptptiic mange mite

A

chorioptes bovis
host: cattle, horse, sheep, goat, rabbit
-entire lifecycle on host
*found tail and hindleg

134
Q

genus and host of sheep itch mite

A

psorobia ovis
host: sheep
-entire lifecycle on the host

135
Q

genus and host of cattle itch mite

A

psorobia bos
host: cattle
-entire lifecycle on host

136
Q

genus and host of walking dandruff

A

cheyletiella spp
dogs (C. yasguri)
cats (C. blakei)
rabbits (C. parrasitivorax)
-highly contagious

137
Q

genus and host of cat fur mite

A

lynxacarus radovskyi
host: cats

138
Q

genus and hosts of follicle mites

A

demodex spp
host: most domestic mammals, host-specific
-entire lifecycle on the host

139
Q

genus and host of scarcoptic mange mites (burrow into the skin)

A

sarcoptes scabiei
hosts: most domestic animals
-entire life-cycle on host

140
Q

genus and host of feline scabies mite (burrow into the skin)

A

notoedres cati
host: cats

141
Q

genus and host of scaly leg mite

A

knemidocoptes mutans
hosts: chickens, turkeys, wild birds
-entire lifecycle on the host

142
Q

genus and host of ear mites

A

otodectes cynotis
hosts: cats and dogs
-entire life cycle on host

143
Q

genus and host of cattle ear mite

A

raillietia auris
hosts: cattle

144
Q

genus and host of canine nasal mite

A

pneumonyssoides
hosts: dogs

145
Q

give an example with a definitive host that is very narrow and an intermediate host that is very broad

A

toxoplasma gondii
definitive host- felines (narrow)
intermediate host- mammals (broad)

146
Q

give an example with a definitive host that is very narrow and an intermediate host that is very broad

A

schistoma japonium (schistomiasis)
definitive host: mammals
intermediate host: snails (narrow)

147
Q

give an example with both a narrow definitive host and an intermediate host

A

plasmodium reichenowi (malaria)
definitive host: mosquitoes
intermediate host: chimps
(both narrow)

148
Q

give two examples of direct monoxenous parasites

A

ascardis suums (large roundworms)
hyostronglus rubidum (red stomach worm)

149
Q

what kind of lifecycle does monoxenous parasite have

A

direct life cycle

150
Q

what kind of lifecycle does heteroxenous parasites have

A

indirect life cycle
*needs intermediate host

151
Q

give two examples of heteroxenous parasites

A

heart worm
ascarops strongylina spirurid nematodes in pigs

152
Q

genus for hay itch mites and what is special about this mite

A

pyemotes triciti
-inject a toxic venom that paralyzes and eventually kills arthropod host
-potential biological pest control agent for stored products pests

153
Q

what parasite causes parasitic disease caused by tapeworm larvae that cause gid?

A

taenia multiceps
sheep are the intermediate hosts

154
Q

what genus can cause false gid in a species?

A

oestrus ovis

155
Q
A

parasitology (6 decks)

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