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Fluids > Fluids; School of PE > Flashcards

Fluids; School of PE Flashcards

1
Q

Fluids

Provide the following with SI Units

Density of Water?

Unit Weight of Water?

What temperature is the water for these equations

A

4 degrees centigrade

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2
Q

Fluids

What would be classified as a Fluid

A

Liquids and gasses are fluids

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3
Q

Fluids

What is the difference between a a fluid and a solid at a molecular level?

Can Fluids support shear?

A

Fluids Moleculse not tightly packed, where they are tightly packed in a solid.

FLuids can not support shear.

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4
Q

Fluids

What is Density?

Provide other name for it.

A

Density is mass per unit volume

Also called mass density

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5
Q

Fluids

What is specific weight?

A

Weight per unit volume

mass * gravity divided by volume

mass density * gravity

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6
Q

Fluids

Explain how density cahnges for gasses, fluids, and solids

A

Gasses are highly compressible, so density is not cnstant; Gass density will depend on the temperature and pressure.

Fluids density is somewhat incompressible, so look at it as the density is constant

Solids the density are constant and inconpressable

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7
Q

Fluids

Specific Volume-

A

Volume per unit mass; or inverse of the density

not commonly used

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8
Q

Fluids

When we talk about density, the most important fluid we talk about is ______.

Density of Water standard is measured at ___ degrees centigrade.

A

Water

4 degrees centigrade

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9
Q

Fluids

What is Specific Gravity

Explain stipulations

A

Specific Gravity is the ratio of the density of 2 fuids.

Usually compared to water for liquid

Usually compared to air as standard temperatue and pressure.

Gasses use the STP= 0° C (273 Kelvin) 1 atmosphere

Water- STP is measured at 4° C; Density = 1000 kg.m3 and Unit wieght is= 9800 N/m3

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10
Q

Fluids

What are the 2 components when talking about Shear Stress for a fluid

A

The component normal (perpindicular) to the surface

the component the tangential to the surface

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11
Q

Fluids

What does Laninar mean for fluids

A

It means the fluid is moving in layers

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12
Q

Fluids

Other 2 names for viscosity

A

dynamic viscosity

absolute viscosity

All use the greek letter mu to signify them

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13
Q

Fluids

For a Newtonian Fluid, what is the shear stress-

A

Shear stress is equal to the viscosity times the shear deformation rate

For a newtonian fluid the shear deformation rate is raised to 1; Loos at figure

If n is not 1, then it is a non-newtonian fluid

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14
Q

Fluids

For anewtonian fluid, provide equation for viscosity

A

Viscosity is equal to the Shear stress divided by the shear deformation rate.

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15
Q

Fluids

What equation should be used for any fluid regardless iif it is newtonian or not (This is a Newton Law)

A

Same equation for Newtonina, just uses k in place of mu for viscosity, and the shear deformation rate is raised to a power of n

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16
Q

Fluids

For fluids that are non-newtonian, explain the n value, and name the 2.

What fluid kind of acts like a newtonian fluid, but requires a significant amount of shear stress before they begin moving

A

Pseudoplastic n < 1

dilatant n > 1

Bingham; Drilling mud is a good exaple; soft solids or thick liquids

17
Q

Fluids

Kinematic Viscosity

What euqatin is this uses in alot

A

Mu divided by rho

viscosity divided by density

used for reynolds number alot.

18
Q

Fluids

What does Surface Tension depend on?

A

depends on the properties of the fluids at the surface or interface

Between water and air then called surface

Between water and another material (like oil) then called interface

19
Q

Fluids

What is Cohesion and when is it more dominant?

What is adhesion and when is it it more dominant?

A

The fluid gos down in the tube when cohesion becasue the fluid wants to stay together.

Cohesion is more dominant when dealing with mercury

Adhesion the fluid likes the surface so raises in tubes.

Adhesion is more dominant when dealing with water

Water likes the glass more then it likes its own molecules

Angle Beta is the angle the fluid is making with the surface.

20
Q

Fluids

In fluid mechanics we always use what pressure?

A

Gauge pressure

21
Q

Fluids

Provide equation for absolute pressure.

A
22
Q

Fluids

Provide equation for Hydrostatic Pressure

A
23
Q

Fluids

What is a manometer used to measure

How do you measure?

A

Measures the pressure difference b/w 2 points.

Always start from one end (preferably open end) and preceed to the other end.

A differential manometer has 2 closed ends. Approach is still the same.

If the mamometer was open, the PB=0; There is atmospheric pressure, but only interested in gauge pressure which is zero

24
Q

Fluids

What do we use to measure atmospheric pressure

A

A Barometer

refer t0 pg 70 of ncees

Try to choos a liquid that the vapor pressure is so small you can igonore it (like mercury), or choos what you can find a value to like water (pg 70)

25
Q

Fluids

What is Average pressure?

What is Resultant Force?

A

(P1 + P2) / 2

x A

Inclined surface area= area of inclined surface.

26
Q

Fluids

Pressure = ?

A
27
Q

Fluids

What is Archimedes Principle for?

Equation-

A

For objects that are partially submerged.

28
Q

Fluids

When talking about archimedes prinicile, what must hold true for the object to be stable.

A

In order to be stable the center of gravity should always be below the center of buoyancy

29
Q

Fluids

Provide Equation for Conservation of mass of coninuity equation

A
30
Q

Fluids

What does Q stand for

A

Fluid flow

31
Q

Fluids

Provide conservation of mass (Continuity) Equation for incompressible fluid

A

Density is same, so cancelled out for this equation

32
Q

Define Conservation of Energy (Also called ?)

This type of fluid is also called ?

Provide Equation shen expressed as distances or heads-

A

Total energy in the system must be conserved

Bernoulli Equation

Used for Ideal Fluids

Pressure Energy + Kinetic Energy + Elevation Energy

33
Q

Fluids

Conservation of Energy (Bernoulli Equation) can also be expresses as specifc energy for ideal fluids only (In real life situation there is alwasy be losses)

Provide Equation

What is specific energy

A

Specific Energy is the energy per unit mass

This equation is the regular Conservation of energy equation multiplied by g (gravity)

34
Q

Fluids

When looking at conservation of energy there will always be losses. The conservation of energy equation then adds in the fitting losses.

Provided equation

Losses are always expresses as a function of ??

A

kinetic energy/ or velocity head (See Picture)

35
Q

Fluids

Equation for determining frction losses for the conservation of Energy Equation for a same size pipe with no elevation changes

A
36
Q

Fluids

What does laminar mean

If you take a round conduit with laminar flow, explain the velocity within the conduit

Provide equation for velocity distribution for laminar flow

A

one layer moving over another layer

Velocity = zero at surface

Velocity is max at center

Fluids (2 decks)

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