Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Notes > Fluids, Electrolytes, Nutrition > Flashcards

Fluids, Electrolytes, Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

drugs that push potassium into the cells

A

insulin
beta agonists
epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes of hypokalemia

A

alkalosis, pushes positive ions out of the way
carb loading
stress, epinephrine drump (dobutamine, albuterol)
hypothermia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

drugs that increase potassium excretion

A

mineralocorticosteroids
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dig and potassium correlation

A

low pot increases dig levels as less is bound up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why should you not put potassium in d5 only?

A

the dextrose will trigger an insulin dump and the insulin will push the K into the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how long after IV KCl should you wait to get a new level?

A

2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

succinylcholine affect on potassium

A

increases potassium level and can cause EKG changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

drugs that decrease K excretion from kidneys

A

ACEI, ARB
K sparing diuretics
trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what level is K an emergency?

A

> 6.5meq/L
could be <2.5meq/L as well
continuous monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

do not use calcium to correct hyperK if on what medication?

A

digoxin, will release a lot of digoxin and can cause instant overdose and even death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what drug should be given if symptomatic hyperkalemia?

A

calcium via push

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to treat hyperkalemia

A

insulin regular 10units+D50 amp
if acidotic - bicarb amp q30min
albuterol - unreliable
binders/exchangers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sodium polystyrene sulfate

A

exchanges Na for K
15g up to 4 times a day
liquid has sorbitol that has cases of intestinal necrosis (worst case if close to surgery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

patiromer

A

exchanges Ca for K
8.4g PO daily, max dose 25.2g po daily
delayed onset, can be used for daily maintenance
not for crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

A

exchanges Hydrogen and Na for K
10g PO TID x 48 hrs, then daily for maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

K Riders have how much potassium and sodium?

A

K - 22 meq/250ml
Na - 20meq/250ml

17
Q

hypocalcemia replacement dose if symptomatic

A

CaCl 1g
Ca-gluconate 2-3g

18
Q

when to do bolus vs continuous feedings

A

bolus = terminates in stomach
continuous - inserts into duodenum or jejunum

19
Q

average water intake needed with enteral feedings

A

30ml/kg/day of free water flushes

20
Q

Max Dextrose per peripheral line

A

<10% dextrose

21
Q

lipid max rate of infusion

A

0.1g/kg/hr w/1.2 micron filter

22
Q

kCal from macros

A

Protein - 4 kcal/g
lipids - 10 kcal/g
dextrose - 3.4 kcal/g

23
Q

things not to mix in a TPN bag

A

lipids and dextrose - destabilizes lipids

calcium and phosphorous back to back

24
Q

if a patient is in alkalosis, give electrolytes as which salts

A

chloride (extra -)

25
Q

if a patient is in acidosis, give electrolytes as which salts

A

acetate - converts to bicarb for alkalosis

26
Q

conversion of fluid to volume expansion…
NS/LR
D5W
Albumin 5%
Albumin 25%
Hetastart

A

NS/LR 1L = 250ml
D5W 1L = 100 ml
Albumin 5% 1L = 1L
Albumin 25% 1L = 5L
Hetastarch 1L = 1L

27
Q

Crystalloids

A

NS, D5W, LR, Plasmolyte
have little crystals

28
Q

Colloids

A

Hetastarch
Albumin
PRBCs

29
Q

hazards of using albumin 25%

A

if a patient is dehydrated, it will pull fluid from inside the cells and dehydrate them

great for pulling fluid from ascites or pleural effusions

30
Q

daily fluid intake pediatric calculation

A

100ml/kg x 10 kg
50ml/kg x 20 kg
20ml/kg x weight

31
Q

daily fluid intake for adults

A

20 - 40 ml/kg/day for adults

32
Q

pressure threshold to give hypertonic saline

A

> 20mmHg sustained, best to give small boluses and evaluate

33
Q

calculation for hypertonic saline dosing for hyponatremia

A

want to increase 8-12meq/day

1-2ml/kg/hr usually

assess every 1 to 2 hours

34
Q

normal adult kcal requirements

A

25 - 35kcal/kg

35
Q

typical dietary macros needed

A

20-35% protein
30% fats
35% carbs

Notes (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions