Fluids & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Define Total body water (TBW)

A

The total amount of water in the body at a given time

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2
Q

Define Intracellular fluid (ICF)

A

The fluid inside the body cells

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3
Q

Define Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

The fluid outside the body cells.

intravascular fluid & interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Define Intravascular fluid

A

The fluid within the circulatory system

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5
Q

Define Interstitial fluid

A

The fluid in body tissues that is outside the cells and outside the vascular system

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6
Q

Define Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves other substances, forming a solution

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7
Q

What is the largest cellular compartment?

A

Intracellular compartment

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8
Q

List the percentages of all four of the body fluid compartments

A

Intracellular 75.0%
Extracellular 25.0%
Interstitial 17.5%
Intravascular 7.5%

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9
Q

What percentage of an infant’s weight is TBW?

A

75-80%

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10
Q

What percentage of an adult male’s weight is TBW?

A

65-70%

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11
Q

What percentage of an adult female’s weight is TBW?

A

60-65%

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12
Q

Why is there a difference in TBW between genders?

A

Due to hormonal differences that result in the male’s greater muscle mass and the female’s greater percentage of body fat

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13
Q

What are two reasons that infants have a higher TBW

A
  1. Infants have less fat than adults (Fat doesn’t absorb in water. Less fat more water)
  2. Water is essential for high rates of metabolism (Necessary to promote growth)
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14
Q

What percentage of an elderly patient’s weight is TBW? Why is it lower?

A

~45-55%

Loss of muscle mass, increased percentage of fat, and the body’s decreasing ability to regulate fluid levels

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15
Q

List several factors that contribute to dehydration

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Perspiration
  • Peritonitis
  • Malnutrition
  • Burns
  • Open wounds
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16
Q

Define Overhydration

A

The presence or retention of an abnormally high amount of body fluid

17
Q

List the four major elements that make up 99% of atoms in the body

A
  1. Hydrogen (H)
  2. Oxygen (O
  3. Carbon (C)
  4. Nitrogen (N)
18
Q

List the nine trace elements that account for 1% of elements in the body

A
  1. Calcium (Ca)
  2. Chlorine (Cl)
  3. Iodine (I)
  4. Iron (Fe)
  5. Magnesium (Mg)
  6. Phosphorus (Ph)
  7. Potassium (K)
  8. Sodium (Na)
  9. Sulphur (S)
19
Q

Define Electrolyte

A

A substance that, in water, separates into eclectically charged particles

20
Q

Define Dissociate

A

separate; break down

For example, sodium bicarbonate when placed in water, disassociates into a sodium cation and a bicarbonate anion

21
Q

Define Ion

A

A charged particle; an atom or group of atoms whose electrical charge has changed from neutral to positive or negative by losing or gaining one or more electrons.

22
Q

Define Cation

A

An ion with a positive charge

  • so called because it will be attracted to a cathode, or negative pole
23
Q

Define Anion

A

An ion with a negative charge

0 so called because it will be attracted to an anode, or positive pole

24
Q

Define Buffer

A

A substance that tends to preserve or restore a normal acid-base balance by increasing or decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions

25
Q

Define Isotonic

A

Equal in concentration of solute molecules; solutions may be isotonic to each other

26
Q

Define Hypertonic

A

Having a greater concentration of solute molecules; one solution may be hypertonic to another

27
Q

Define Hypotonic

A

Having a lesser concentration of solute molecules; one solution may be hypotonic to another

28
Q

Define Osmotic gradient

A

The difference in concentration between solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane

29
Q

Define Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

30
Q

Define Osmosis

A

The passage of a solvent, such as water, through a membrane

31
Q

Define Active transport

A

Movement of a substance through a cell membrane against the osmotic gradient; that is, from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration